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std::round, std::roundf, std::roundl, std::lround, std::lroundf, std::lroundl, std::llround, std::llroundf

Defined in header <cmath>
Rounding to floating-point types
(1)
float       round ( float num );
double      round ( double num );
long double round ( long double num );
(since C++11)
(until C++23)
constexpr /* floating-point-type */
            round ( /* floating-point-type */ num );
(since C++23)
float       roundf( float num );
(2) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
long double roundl( long double num );
(3) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
long
(4)
long lround ( float num );
long lround ( double num );
long lround ( long double num );
(since C++11)
(until C++23)
constexpr long lround( /* floating-point-type */ num );
(since C++23)
long lroundf( float num );
(5) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
long lroundl( long double num );
(6) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
long long
(7)
long long llround ( float num );
long long llround ( double num );
long long llround ( long double num );
(since C++11)
(until C++23)
constexpr long long llround( /* floating-point-type */ num );
(since C++23)
long long llroundf( float num );
(8) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
long long llroundl( long double num );
(9) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
Additional overloads
Defined in header <cmath>
template< class Integer >
double round( Integer num );
(A) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
template< class Integer >
long lround( Integer num );
(B) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
template< class Integer >
long long llround( Integer num );
(C) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)
1-3) Computes the nearest integer value to num (in floating-point format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::round for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num. (since C++23)
4-9) Computes the nearest integer value to num (in integer format), rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::lround and std::llround for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num. (since C++23)
double

Parameters

num - floating-point or integer value

Return value

If no errors occur, the nearest integer value to num, rounding halfway cases away from zero, is returned.

Return value
math-round away zero.svg
num

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the result of std::lround or std::llround is outside the range representable by the return type, a domain error or a range error may occur.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559), For the std::round function:

  • The current rounding mode has no effect.
  • If num is ±∞, it is returned, unmodified
  • If num is ±0, it is returned, unmodified
  • If num is NaN, NaN is returned
For std::lround and std::llround functions:
  • FE_INEXACT is never raised
  • The current rounding mode has no effect.
  • If num is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
  • If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
  • If num is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned.

Notes

FE_INEXACT may be (but is not required to be) raised by std::round when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so std::round never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including std::intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

POSIX specifies that all cases where std::lround or std::llround raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

The double version of std::round behaves as if implemented as follows:

#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
 
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
double round(double x)
{
    std::fenv_t save_env;
    std::feholdexcept(&save_env);
    double result = std::rint(x);
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
    {
        auto const save_round = std::fegetround();
        std::fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
        result = std::rint(std::copysign(0.5 + std::fabs(x), x));
        std::fesetround(save_round);
    }
    std::feupdateenv(&save_env);
    return result;
}

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A-C). They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type:

  • std::round(num) has the same effect as std::round(static_cast<double>(num)).
  • std::lround(num) has the same effect as std::lround(static_cast<double>(num)).
  • std::llround(num) has the same effect as std::llround(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example

#include <cfenv>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main()
{
    // round
    std::cout << "round(+2.3) = " << std::round(2.3)
              << "  round(+2.5) = " << std::round(2.5)
              << "  round(+2.7) = " << std::round(2.7) << '\n'
              << "round(-2.3) = " << std::round(-2.3)
              << "  round(-2.5) = " << std::round(-2.5)
              << "  round(-2.7) = " << std::round(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "round(-0.0) = " << std::round(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "round(-Inf) = " << std::round(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // lround
    std::cout << "lround(+2.3) = " << std::lround(2.3)
              << "  lround(+2.5) = " << std::lround(2.5)
              << "  lround(+2.7) = " << std::lround(2.7) << '\n'
              << "lround(-2.3) = " << std::lround(-2.3)
              << "  lround(-2.5) = " << std::lround(-2.5)
              << "  lround(-2.7) = " << std::lround(-2.7) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "lround(-0.0) = " << std::lround(-0.0)  << '\n'
              << "lround(-Inf) = " << std::lround(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = "
              << std::lround(LONG_MAX + 1.5) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "    FE_INVALID was raised\n";
}

Possible output:

round(+2.3) = 2  round(+2.5) = 3  round(+2.7) = 3
round(-2.3) = -2  round(-2.5) = -3  round(-2.7) = -3
round(-0.0) = -0
round(-Inf) = -inf
lround(+2.3) = 2  lround(+2.5) = 3  lround(+2.7) = 3
lround(-2.3) = -2  lround(-2.5) = -3  lround(-2.7) = -3
lround(-0.0) = 0
lround(-Inf) = -9223372036854775808
std::lround(LONG_MAX+1.5) = -9223372036854775808
    FE_INVALID was raised

See also

(C++11)(C++11)
nearest integer not greater than the given value
(function)
(C++11)(C++11)
nearest integer not less than the given value
(function)
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value
(function)
C documentation for round

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