#include <iostream>
#include <valarray>
 
class Matrix {
    int dim;
    std::valarray<int> data;
public:
    explicit Matrix(int dim, int init = 0)
        : dim{dim}, data(init, dim*dim) { }
    void clear(int value = 0) { data = value; }
    void identity() { clear(); diagonal() = 1; }
    int& operator()(int x, int y) { return data[dim * y + x]; }
 
    std::slice_array<int> diagonal() {
        return data[std::slice(0, dim, dim+1)];
    }
    std::slice_array<int> secondary_diagonal() {
        return data[std::slice(dim-1, dim, dim-1)];
    }
    std::slice_array<int> row(std::size_t row) {
        return data[std::slice(dim*row, dim, 1)];
    }
    std::slice_array<int> column(std::size_t col) {
        return data[std::slice(col, dim, dim)];
    }
    template<unsigned, unsigned> friend class MatrixStack;
};
 
template <unsigned dim = 3, unsigned max = 8> class MatrixStack {
    std::valarray<int> stack;
    unsigned count = 0;
public:
    MatrixStack() : stack(dim*dim*max) {}
    void print_all() const { 
        std::valarray<int> row(dim*count);
        for (unsigned r = 0; r != dim; ++r) { // screen row
            row = stack[std::gslice(r*dim, {count, dim}, {dim*dim, 1})];
            for (unsigned i = 0; i != row.size(); ++i)
                std::cout << row[i] << ((i+1) % dim ? " " : " │ ");
            std::cout << '\n';
        }
    }
    void push_back(Matrix const& m) {
        if (count < max) {
            stack[std::slice(count * dim * dim, dim * dim, 1)]
                = m.data[std::slice(0, dim * dim, 1)];
            ++count;
        }
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    constexpr int dim = 3;
    Matrix m{dim};
    MatrixStack<dim,12> stack;
 
    m.identity();
    stack.push_back(m);
 
    m.clear(1);
    m.secondary_diagonal() = 3;
    stack.push_back(m);
 
    for (int i = 0; i != dim; ++i) {
        m.clear();
        m.row(i) = i + 1;
        stack.push_back(m);
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i != dim; ++i) {
        m.clear();
        m.column(i) = i + 1;
        stack.push_back(m);
    }
 
    m.clear();
    m.row(1) = std::valarray<int>{4, 5, 6};
    stack.push_back(m);
 
    m.clear();
    m.column(1) = std::valarray<int>{7, 8, 9};
    stack.push_back(m);
 
    stack.print_all();
}