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OffscreenCanvas

When using the <canvas> element or the Canvas API, rendering, animation, and user interaction usually happen on the main execution thread of a web application. The computation relating to canvas animations and rendering can have a significant impact on application performance.

The OffscreenCanvas interface provides a canvas that can be rendered off screen, decoupling the DOM and the Canvas API so that the <canvas> element is no longer entirely dependent on the DOM. Rendering operations can also be run inside a worker context, allowing you to run some tasks in a separate thread and avoid heavy work on the main thread.

OffscreenCanvas is a transferable object.

Note: This feature is available in Web Workers

EventTarget OffscreenCanvas

Constructors

OffscreenCanvas()

OffscreenCanvas constructor. Creates a new OffscreenCanvas object.

Instance properties

OffscreenCanvas.height

The height of the offscreen canvas.

OffscreenCanvas.width

The width of the offscreen canvas.

Instance methods

OffscreenCanvas.getContext()

Returns a rendering context for the offscreen canvas.

OffscreenCanvas.convertToBlob()

Creates a Blob object representing the image contained in the canvas.

OffscreenCanvas.transferToImageBitmap()

Creates an ImageBitmap object from the most recently rendered image of the OffscreenCanvas. See the API description for important notes on managing this ImageBitmap.

Examples

Synchronous display of frames produced by an OffscreenCanvas

One way to use the OffscreenCanvas API is to use a rendering context that has been obtained from an OffscreenCanvas object to generate new frames. Once a new frame has finished rendering in this context, the transferToImageBitmap() method can be called to save the most recent rendered image. This method returns an ImageBitmap object, which can be used in a variety of Web APIs and also in a second canvas without creating a transfer copy.

To display the ImageBitmap, you can use an ImageBitmapRenderingContext context, which can be created by calling canvas.getContext("bitmaprenderer") on a (visible) canvas element. This context only provides functionality to replace the canvas's contents with the given ImageBitmap. A call to ImageBitmapRenderingContext.transferFromImageBitmap() with the previously rendered and saved ImageBitmap from the OffscreenCanvas, will display the ImageBitmap on the canvas and transfer its ownership to the canvas. A single OffscreenCanvas may transfer frames into an arbitrary number of other ImageBitmapRenderingContext objects.

Given these two <canvas> elements

html

<canvas id="one"></canvas> <canvas id="two"></canvas>

the following code will provide the rendering using OffscreenCanvas as described above.

js

const one = document.getElementById("one").getContext("bitmaprenderer");
const two = document.getElementById("two").getContext("bitmaprenderer");

const offscreen = new OffscreenCanvas(256, 256);
const gl = offscreen.getContext("webgl");

// Perform some drawing for the first canvas using the gl context
const bitmapOne = offscreen.transferToImageBitmap();
one.transferFromImageBitmap(bitmapOne);

// Perform some more drawing for the second canvas
const bitmapTwo = offscreen.transferToImageBitmap();
two.transferFromImageBitmap(bitmapTwo);

Asynchronous display of frames produced by an OffscreenCanvas

Another way to use the OffscreenCanvas API, is to call transferControlToOffscreen() on a <canvas> element, either on a worker or the main thread, which will return an OffscreenCanvas object from an HTMLCanvasElement object from the main thread. Calling getContext() will then obtain a rendering context from that OffscreenCanvas.

The main.js script (main thread) may look like this:

js

const htmlCanvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
const offscreen = htmlCanvas.transferControlToOffscreen();

const worker = new Worker("offscreencanvas.js");
worker.postMessage({ canvas: offscreen }, [offscreen]);

While the offscreencanvas.js script (worker thread) can look like this:

js

onmessage = (evt) => {
  const canvas = evt.data.canvas;
  const gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");
  // Perform some drawing using the gl context
};

It's also possible to use requestAnimationFrame() in workers:

js

onmessage = (evt) => {
  const canvas = evt.data.canvas;
  const gl = canvas.getContext("webgl");

  function render(time) {
    // Perform some drawing using the gl context
    requestAnimationFrame(render);
  }
  requestAnimationFrame(render);
};

For a full example, see the OffscreenCanvas example source on GitHub or run the OffscreenCanvas example live.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

Desktop Mobile
Chrome Edge Firefox Internet Explorer Opera Safari WebView Android Chrome Android Firefox for Android Opera Android Safari on IOS Samsung Internet
OffscreenCanvas 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0
OffscreenCanvas 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0
contextlost_event 99 99 105 No 85 No 99 99 105 68 No 18.0
contextrestored_event 99 99 105 No 85 No 99 99 105 68 No 18.0
convertToBlob 69 79 105105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105105 48 16.4 10.0
getContext 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0
height 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0
transferToImageBitmap 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0
width 69 79 105 No 56 16.4 69 69 105 48 16.4 10.0

See also

© 2005–2023 MDN contributors.
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/OffscreenCanvas