Two-way binding

Two-way binding gives components in your application a way to share data. Use two-way binding to listen for events and update values simultaneously between parent and child components.

See the live example for a working example containing the code snippets in this guide.

Prerequisites

To get the most out of two-way binding, you should have a basic understanding of the following concepts:

• Property binding
• Event binding
• Inputs and Outputs

Two-way binding combines property binding with event binding:

• Property binding sets a specific element property.
• Event binding listens for an element change event.

Adding two-way data binding

Angular's two-way binding syntax is a combination of square brackets and parentheses, [()]. The [()] syntax combines the brackets of property binding, [], with the parentheses of event binding, (), as follows.

<app-sizer [(size)]="fontSizePx"></app-sizer>

How two-way binding works

For two-way data binding to work, the @Output() property must use the pattern, inputChange, where input is the name of the @Input() property. For example, if the @Input() property is size, the @Output() property must be sizeChange.

The following sizerComponent has a size value property and a sizeChange event. The size property is an @Input(), so data can flow into the sizerComponent. The sizeChange event is an @Output(), which lets data flow out of the sizerComponent to the parent component.

Next, there are two methods, dec() to decrease the font size and inc() to increase the font size. These two methods use resize() to change the value of the size property within min/max value constraints, and to emit an event that conveys the new size value.

export class SizerComponent {

  @Input()  size!: number | string;
  @Output() sizeChange = new EventEmitter<number>();

  dec() { this.resize(-1); }
  inc() { this.resize(+1); }

  resize(delta: number) {
    this.size = Math.min(40, Math.max(8, +this.size + delta));
    this.sizeChange.emit(this.size);
  }
}

The sizerComponent template has two buttons that each bind the click event to the inc() and dec() methods. When the user clicks one of the buttons, the sizerComponent calls the corresponding method. Both methods, inc() and dec(), call the resize() method with a +1 or -1, which in turn raises the sizeChange event with the new size value.

<div>
  <button (click)="dec()" title="smaller">-</button>
  <button (click)="inc()" title="bigger">+</button>
  <label [style.font-size.px]="size">FontSize: {{size}}px</label>
</div>

In the AppComponent template, fontSizePx is two-way bound to the SizerComponent.

<app-sizer [(size)]="fontSizePx"></app-sizer>
<div [style.font-size.px]="fontSizePx">Resizable Text</div>

In the AppComponent, fontSizePx establishes the initial SizerComponent.size value by setting the value to 16.

fontSizePx = 16;

Clicking the buttons updates the AppComponent.fontSizePx. The revised AppComponent.fontSizePx value updates the style binding, which makes the displayed text bigger or smaller.

The two-way binding syntax is shorthand for a combination of property binding and event binding. The SizerComponent binding as separate property binding and event binding is as follows.

<app-sizer [size]="fontSizePx" (sizeChange)="fontSizePx=$event"></app-sizer>

The $event variable contains the data of the SizerComponent.sizeChange event. Angular assigns the $event value to the AppComponent.fontSizePx when the user clicks the buttons.