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std::array<T,N>::end, std::array<T,N>::cend

(1)
iterator end() noexcept;
(until C++17)
constexpr iterator end() noexcept;
(since C++17)
(2)
const_iterator end() const noexcept;
(until C++17)
constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept;
(since C++17)
(3)
const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
(until C++17)
constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
(since C++17)

Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of the array.

This element acts as a placeholder; attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.

range-begin-end.svg

Parameters

(none).

Return value

Iterator to the element following the last element.

Complexity

Constant.

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
 
    std::array<int, 0> empty;
    std::cout << "1) "
              << (empty.begin() == empty.end()) << ' '     // true
              << (empty.cbegin() == empty.cend()) << '\n'; // true
    // *(empty.begin()) = 42; // => undefined behavior at run-time
 
 
    std::array<int, 4> numbers{5, 2, 3, 4};
    std::cout << "2) "
              << (numbers.begin() == numbers.end()) << ' '    // false
              << (numbers.cbegin() == numbers.cend()) << '\n' // false
              << "3) "
              << *(numbers.begin()) << ' '    // 5
              << *(numbers.cbegin()) << '\n'; // 5
 
    *numbers.begin() = 1;
    std::cout << "4) " << *(numbers.begin()) << '\n'; // 1
    // *(numbers.cbegin()) = 42; // compile-time error: 
                                 // read-only variable is not assignable
 
    // print out all elements
    std::cout << "5) ";
    std::for_each(numbers.cbegin(), numbers.cend(), [](int x)
    {
        std::cout << x << ' ';
    });
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    constexpr std::array constants{'A', 'B', 'C'};
    static_assert(constants.begin() != constants.end());   // OK
    static_assert(constants.cbegin() != constants.cend()); // OK
    static_assert(*constants.begin() == 'A');              // OK
    static_assert(*constants.cbegin() == 'A');             // OK
    // *constants.begin() = 'Z'; // compile-time error: 
                                 // read-only variable is not assignable
}

Output:

1) true true
2) false false
3) 5 5
4) 1
5) 1 2 3 4

See also

(C++11)
returns an iterator to the beginning
(public member function)
(C++11)(C++14)
returns an iterator to the end of a container or array
(function template)

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