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std::empty

Defined in header <array>
Defined in header <deque>
Defined in header <forward_list>
Defined in header <iterator>
Defined in header <list>
Defined in header <map>
Defined in header <regex>
Defined in header <set>
Defined in header <span> (since C++20)
Defined in header <string>
Defined in header <string_view>
Defined in header <unordered_map>
Defined in header <unordered_set>
Defined in header <vector>
(1)
template <class C>
constexpr auto empty(const C& c) -> decltype(c.empty());
(since C++17)
(until C++20)
template <class C>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto empty(const C& c) -> decltype(c.empty());
(since C++20)
(2)
template <class T, std::size_t N>
constexpr bool empty(const T (&array)[N]) noexcept;
(since C++17)
(until C++20)
template <class T, std::size_t N>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty(const T (&array)[N]) noexcept;
(since C++20)
(3)
template <class E>
constexpr bool empty(std::initializer_list<E> il) noexcept;
(since C++17)
(until C++20)
template <class E>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty(std::initializer_list<E> il) noexcept;
(since C++20)

Returns whether the given range is empty.

1) returns c.empty()
2) returns false
3) returns il.size() == 0

Parameters

c - a container or view with an empty member function
array - an array of arbitrary type
il - an initializer list

Return value

true if the range doesn't have any element.

Exceptions

1) May throw implementation-defined exceptions.

Notes

The overload for std::initializer_list is necessary because it does not have a member function empty.

Feature-test macro
__cpp_lib_nonmember_container_access

Possible implementation

First version
template <class C> 
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto empty(const C& c) -> decltype(c.empty())
{
    return c.empty();
}
Second version
template <class T, std::size_t N> 
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty(const T (&array)[N]) noexcept
{
    return false;
}
Third version
template <class E> 
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty(std::initializer_list<E> il) noexcept
{
    return il.size() == 0;
}

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
 
template <class T>
void print(const T& container)
{
    if ( std::empty(container) )
    {
        std::cout << "Empty\n";
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Elements:";
        for ( const auto& element : container )
            std::cout << ' ' << element;
        std::cout << '\n';
    }
}
 
int main() 
{
    std::vector<int> c = { 1, 2, 3 };
    print(c);
    c.clear();
    print(c);
 
    int array[] = { 4, 5, 6 };
    print(array);
 
    auto il = { 7, 8, 9 };
    print(il);
}

Output:

Elements: 1 2 3
Empty
Elements: 4 5 6
Elements: 7 8 9

See also

(C++20)
checks whether a range is empty
(customization point object)

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