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Using z-index

The first article of this guide, Stacking without the z-index property, explains how stacking is arranged by default. If you want to create a custom stacking order, you can use the z-index property on a positioned element.

The z-index property can be specified with an integer value (positive, zero, or negative), which represents the position of the element along an imaginary z-axis. If you are not familiar with the term 'z-axis', imagine the page as a stack of layers, each one having a number. Layers are rendered in numerical order, with larger numbers above smaller numbers (X represents an arbitrary positive integer):

Layer	Description
Bottom layer	Farthest from the observer
Layer -X	Layers with negative `z-index` values
Layer 0	Default rendering layer
Layer X	Layers with positive `z-index` values
Top layer	Closest to the observer

Note:

When no z-index property is specified, elements are rendered on the default rendering layer (Layer 0).
If several elements share the same z-index value (i.e., they are placed on the same layer), stacking rules explained in the section Stacking without the z-index property apply.

Example

In this example, the layers' stacking order is rearranged using z-index. The z-index of DIV #5 has no effect since it is not a positioned element.

HTML

<div id="abs1">
  <strong>DIV #1</strong>
  <br />position: absolute; <br />z-index: 5;
</div>

<div id="rel1">
  <strong>DIV #2</strong>
  <br />position: relative; <br />z-index: 3;
</div>

<div id="rel2">
  <strong>DIV #3</strong>
  <br />position: relative; <br />z-index: 2;
</div>

<div id="abs2">
  <strong>DIV #4</strong>
  <br />position: absolute; <br />z-index: 1;
</div>

<div id="sta1">
  <strong>DIV #5</strong>
  <br />no positioning <br />z-index: 8;
</div>

CSS

div {
  padding: 10px;
  opacity: 0.7;
  text-align: center;
}

strong {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

#abs1 {
  z-index: 5;
  position: absolute;
  width: 150px;
  height: 350px;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  border: 1px dashed #900;
  background-color: #fdd;
}

#rel1 {
  z-index: 3;
  height: 100px;
  position: relative;
  top: 30px;
  border: 1px dashed #696;
  background-color: #cfc;
  margin: 0px 50px 0px 50px;
}

#rel2 {
  z-index: 2;
  height: 100px;
  position: relative;
  top: 15px;
  left: 20px;
  border: 1px dashed #696;
  background-color: #cfc;
  margin: 0px 50px 0px 50px;
}

#abs2 {
  z-index: 1;
  position: absolute;
  width: 150px;
  height: 350px;
  top: 10px;
  right: 10px;
  border: 1px dashed #900;
  background-color: #fdd;
}

#sta1 {
  z-index: 8;
  height: 70px;
  border: 1px dashed #996;
  background-color: #ffc;
  margin: 0px 50px 0px 50px;
}

W3cubDocs

Using z-index

Example

HTML

CSS

Result

See also