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transform-origin

The transform-origin CSS property sets the origin for an element's transformations.

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The transform origin is the point around which a transformation is applied. For example, the transform origin of the rotate() function is the center of rotation.

In effect, this property wraps a pair of translations around the element's other transformations. The first translation moves the transform origin to the true origin at $(0, 0)$ . Then the other transformations are applied, and because the transform origin is at $(0, 0)$ , those transformations act about the transform origin. Finally, the opposite translation is applied, moving the transform origin back to its original location. Consequently, this definition

transform-origin: -100% 50%;
transform: rotate(45deg);

results in the same transformation as

transform-origin: 0 0;
transform: translate(-100%, 50%) rotate(45deg) translate(100%, -50%);

Reading from right to left, translate(100%, -50%) is the translation to bring the transform origin to the true origin, rotate(45deg) is the original transformation, and translate(-100%, 50%) is the translation to restore the transform origin to its original location.

By default, the origin of a transform is center.

Syntax

/* One-value syntax */
transform-origin: 2px;
transform-origin: bottom;

/* x-offset | y-offset */
transform-origin: 3cm 2px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset */
transform-origin: left 2px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: right top;

/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword */
transform-origin: top right;

/* x-offset | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: 2px 30% 10px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset | z-offset */
transform-origin: left 5px -3px;

/* x-offset-keyword | y-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: right bottom 2cm;

/* y-offset-keyword | x-offset-keyword | z-offset */
transform-origin: bottom right 2cm;

/* Global values */
transform-origin: inherit;
transform-origin: initial;
transform-origin: revert;
transform-origin: revert-layer;
transform-origin: unset;

The transform-origin property may be specified using one, two, or three values, where each value represents an offset. Offsets that are not explicitly defined are reset to their corresponding initial values.

If a single <length> or <percentage> value is defined, it represents the horizontal offset.

If two or more values are defined and either no value is a keyword, or the only used keyword is center, then the first value represents the horizontal offset and the second represents the vertical offset.

One-value syntax:
- The value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords left, center, right, top, and bottom.
Two-value syntax:
- One value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords left, center, and right.
- The other value must be a <length>, a <percentage>, or one of the keywords top, center, and bottom.
Three-value syntax:
- The first two values are the same as for the two-value syntax.
- The third value must be a <length>. It always represents the Z offset.

Values

x-offset: Is a <length> or a <percentage> describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
offset-keyword: Is one of the left, right, top, bottom, or center keyword describing the corresponding offset.
y-offset: Is a <length> or a <percentage> describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
x-offset-keyword: Is one of the left, right, or center keyword describing how far from the left edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
y-offset-keyword: Is one of the top, bottom, or center keyword describing how far from the top edge of the box the origin of the transform is set.
z-offset: Is a <length> (and never a <percentage> which would make the statement invalid) describing how far from the user eye the z=0 origin is set.

The keywords are convenience shorthands and match the following <percentage> values:

Keyword	Value
`left`	`0%`
`center`	`50%`
`right`	`100%`
`top`	`0%`
`bottom`	`100%`

Formal definition

Initial value	`50% 50% 0`
Applies to	transformable elements
Inherited	no
Percentages	refer to the size of bounding box
Computed value	for `<length>` the absolute value, otherwise a percentage
Animation type	simple list of length, percentage, or calc

Note: The initial value of transform-origin is 0 0 for all SVG elements except for root <svg> elements and <svg> elements that are a direct child of a foreignObject, and whose transform-origin is 50% 50%, like other CSS elements. See the SVG transform-origin attribute for more information.

Formal syntax

transform-origin = 
  [ left | center | right | top | bottom | <length-percentage> ]  |
  [ left | center | right | <length-percentage> ] [ top | center | bottom | <length-percentage> ] <length>?  |
  [ [ center | left | right ] && [ center | top | bottom ] ] <length>?  

<length-percentage> = 
  <length>      |
  <percentage>

Examples

A demonstration of various transform values

This example shows the effect of choosing different transform-origin values for a variety of transformation functions.

Specifications

Specification
CSS Transforms Module Level 1 # transform-origin-property

Browser compatibility

	Desktop						Mobile
	Chrome	Edge	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari	WebView Android	Chrome Android	Firefox for Android	Opera Android	Safari on IOS	Samsung Internet
`transform-origin`	361	1212	49163.5	109	231512.1–1510.5–15	92	≤374.4	3618	49164	241512.1–1511–14	91	3.01.0
`support_in_svg`	19	17	43 Keywords and percentages refer to the canvas instead of the object itself. See bug 1209061.	No	15	6 Only supported for transformations applied using the CSS `transform` property (e.g. `.className { transform: rotate(45deg); transform-origin: center; }`). It has no effect on transformations applied using the `transform` SVG attribute (e.g. `<rect style="transform-origin: center;" transform="rotate(45)" />`).	4.4	25	43 Keywords and percentages refer to the canvas instead of the object itself. See bug 1209061.	14	6 Only supported for transformations applied using the CSS `transform` property (e.g. `.className { transform: rotate(45deg); transform-origin: center; }`). It has no effect on transformations applied using the `transform` SVG attribute (e.g. `<rect style="transform-origin: center;" transform="rotate(45)" />`).	1.5
`three_value_syntax`	12	12	10	9	15	5	≤37	18	10	14	3.2	1.0