Refer to the page for lexical syntax.
Module:
ModuleDeclaration DeclDefs
DeclDefs
DeclDefs:
DeclDef
DeclDef DeclDefs
DeclDef:
AttributeSpecifier
Declaration
Constructor
Destructor
Postblit
Allocator
Deallocator
ClassInvariant
StructInvariant
UnitTest
AliasThis
StaticConstructor
StaticDestructor
SharedStaticConstructor
SharedStaticDestructor
ConditionalDeclaration
DebugSpecification
VersionSpecification
StaticAssert
TemplateDeclaration
TemplateMixinDeclaration
TemplateMixin
MixinDeclaration
;
ModuleDeclaration:
ModuleAttributesopt module ModuleFullyQualifiedName ;
ModuleAttributes:
ModuleAttribute
ModuleAttribute ModuleAttributes
ModuleAttribute:
DeprecatedAttribute
UserDefinedAttribute
ModuleFullyQualifiedName:
ModuleName
Packages . ModuleName
ModuleName:
Identifier
Packages:
PackageName
Packages . PackageName
PackageName:
Identifier
ImportDeclaration:
import ImportList ;
static import ImportList ;
ImportList:
Import
ImportBindings
Import , ImportList
Import:
ModuleFullyQualifiedName
ModuleAliasIdentifier = ModuleFullyQualifiedName
ImportBindings:
Import : ImportBindList
ImportBindList:
ImportBind
ImportBind , ImportBindList
ImportBind:
Identifier
Identifier = Identifier
ModuleAliasIdentifier:
Identifier
MixinDeclaration:
mixin ( ArgumentList ) ;
Declaration:
FuncDeclaration
VarDeclarations
AliasDeclaration
AggregateDeclaration
EnumDeclaration
ImportDeclaration
ConditionalDeclaration
StaticForeachDeclaration
StaticAssert
VarDeclarations:
StorageClassesopt BasicType Declarators ;
AutoDeclaration
Declarators:
DeclaratorInitializer
DeclaratorInitializer , DeclaratorIdentifierList
DeclaratorInitializer:
VarDeclarator
VarDeclarator TemplateParametersopt = Initializer
AltDeclarator
AltDeclarator = Initializer
DeclaratorIdentifierList:
DeclaratorIdentifier
DeclaratorIdentifier , DeclaratorIdentifierList
DeclaratorIdentifier:
VarDeclaratorIdentifier
AltDeclaratorIdentifier
VarDeclaratorIdentifier:
Identifier
Identifier TemplateParametersopt = Initializer
AltDeclaratorIdentifier:
BasicType2 Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixesopt
BasicType2 Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixesopt = Initializer
BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes
BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes = Initializer
Declarator:
VarDeclarator
AltDeclarator
VarDeclarator:
BasicType2opt Identifier
AltDeclarator:
BasicType2opt Identifier AltDeclaratorSuffixes
BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX )
BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX ) AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix
BasicType2opt ( AltDeclaratorX ) AltDeclaratorSuffixes
AltDeclaratorX:
BasicType2opt Identifier
BasicType2opt Identifier AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix
AltDeclarator
AltDeclaratorSuffixes:
AltDeclaratorSuffix
AltDeclaratorSuffix AltDeclaratorSuffixes
AltDeclaratorSuffix:
[ ]
[ AssignExpression ]
[ Type ]
AltFuncDeclaratorSuffix:
Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
Type:
TypeCtorsopt BasicType BasicType2opt
TypeCtors:
TypeCtor
TypeCtor TypeCtors
TypeCtor:
const
immutable
inout
shared
BasicType:
BasicTypeX
. IdentifierList
IdentifierList
Typeof
Typeof . IdentifierList
TypeCtor ( Type )
Vector
Traits
MixinType
Vector:
__vector ( VectorBaseType )
VectorBaseType:
Type
BasicTypeX:
bool
byte
ubyte
short
ushort
int
uint
long
ulong
cent
ucent
char
wchar
dchar
float
double
real
ifloat
idouble
ireal
cfloat
cdouble
creal
void
BasicType2:
BasicType2X BasicType2opt
BasicType2X:
*
[ ]
[ AssignExpression ]
[ AssignExpression .. AssignExpression ]
[ Type ]
delegate Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
function Parameters FunctionAttributesopt
IdentifierList:
Identifier
Identifier . IdentifierList
TemplateInstance
TemplateInstance . IdentifierList
Identifier [ AssignExpression ]
Identifier [ AssignExpression ]. IdentifierList
StorageClasses:
StorageClass
StorageClass StorageClasses
StorageClass:
LinkageAttribute
AlignAttribute
deprecated
enum
static
extern
abstract
final
override
synchronized
auto
scope
const
immutable
inout
shared
__gshared
Property
nothrow
pure
ref
Initializer:
VoidInitializer
NonVoidInitializer
NonVoidInitializer:
ExpInitializer
ArrayInitializer
StructInitializer
ExpInitializer:
AssignExpression
ArrayInitializer:
[ ArrayMemberInitializationsopt ]
ArrayMemberInitializations:
ArrayMemberInitialization
ArrayMemberInitialization ,
ArrayMemberInitialization , ArrayMemberInitializations
ArrayMemberInitialization:
NonVoidInitializer
AssignExpression : NonVoidInitializer
StructInitializer:
{ StructMemberInitializersopt }
StructMemberInitializers:
StructMemberInitializer
StructMemberInitializer ,
StructMemberInitializer , StructMemberInitializers
StructMemberInitializer:
NonVoidInitializer
Identifier : NonVoidInitializer
AutoDeclaration:
StorageClasses AutoDeclarationX ;
AutoDeclarationX:
AutoDeclarationY
AutoDeclarationX , AutoDeclarationY
AutoDeclarationY:
Identifier TemplateParametersopt = Initializer
AliasDeclaration:
alias StorageClassesopt BasicType Declarators ;
alias StorageClassesopt BasicType FuncDeclarator ;
alias AliasDeclarationX ;
AliasDeclarationX:
AliasDeclarationY
AliasDeclarationX , AliasDeclarationY
AliasDeclarationY:
Identifier TemplateParametersopt = StorageClassesopt Type
Identifier TemplateParametersopt = FunctionLiteral
Identifier TemplateParametersopt = StorageClassesopt BasicType Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
Typeof:
typeof ( Expression )
typeof ( return )
VoidInitializer:
void
MixinType:
mixin ( ArgumentList )
AttributeSpecifier:
Attribute :
Attribute DeclarationBlock
Attribute:
LinkageAttribute
AlignAttribute
DeprecatedAttribute
VisibilityAttribute
Pragma
static
extern
abstract
final
override
synchronized
auto
scope
const
immutable
inout
shared
__gshared
AtAttribute
nothrow
pure
ref
return
AtAttribute:
@ disable
@ nogc
Property
@ safe
@ system
@ trusted
UserDefinedAttribute
Property:
@ property
DeclarationBlock:
DeclDef
{ DeclDefsopt }
LinkageAttribute:
extern ( LinkageType )
extern ( C++, IdentifierList )
LinkageType:
C
C++
D
Windows
System
Objective-C
AlignAttribute:
align
align ( AssignExpression )
DeprecatedAttribute:
deprecated
deprecated ( AssignExpression )
VisibilityAttribute:
private
package
package ( IdentifierList )
protected
public
export
UserDefinedAttribute:
@ ( ArgumentList )
@ Identifier
@ Identifier ( ArgumentListopt )
@ TemplateInstance
@ TemplateInstance ( ArgumentListopt )
Pragma:
pragma ( Identifier )
pragma ( Identifier , ArgumentList )
Expression:
CommaExpression
CommaExpression:
AssignExpression
AssignExpression , CommaExpression
AssignExpression:
ConditionalExpression
ConditionalExpression = AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression += AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression -= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression *= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression /= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression %= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression &= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression |= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression ^= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression ~= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression <<= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression >>= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression >>>= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression ^^= AssignExpression
ConditionalExpression:
OrOrExpression
OrOrExpression ? Expression : ConditionalExpression
OrOrExpression:
AndAndExpression
OrOrExpression || AndAndExpression
AndAndExpression:
OrExpression
AndAndExpression && OrExpression
OrExpression:
XorExpression
OrExpression | XorExpression
XorExpression:
AndExpression
XorExpression ^ AndExpression
AndExpression:
CmpExpression
AndExpression & CmpExpression
CmpExpression:
ShiftExpression
EqualExpression
IdentityExpression
RelExpression
InExpression
EqualExpression:
ShiftExpression == ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression != ShiftExpression
IdentityExpression:
ShiftExpression is ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression !is ShiftExpression
RelExpression:
ShiftExpression < ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression <= ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression > ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression >= ShiftExpression
InExpression:
ShiftExpression in ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression !in ShiftExpression
ShiftExpression:
AddExpression
ShiftExpression << AddExpression
ShiftExpression >> AddExpression
ShiftExpression >>> AddExpression
AddExpression:
MulExpression
AddExpression + MulExpression
AddExpression - MulExpression
CatExpression
CatExpression:
AddExpression ~ MulExpression
MulExpression:
UnaryExpression
MulExpression * UnaryExpression
MulExpression / UnaryExpression
MulExpression % UnaryExpression
UnaryExpression:
& UnaryExpression
++ UnaryExpression
-- UnaryExpression
* UnaryExpression
- UnaryExpression
+ UnaryExpression
! UnaryExpression
ComplementExpression
( Type ) . Identifier
( Type ) . TemplateInstance
DeleteExpression
CastExpression
PowExpression
ComplementExpression:
~ UnaryExpression
NewExpression:
new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type
NewExpressionWithArgs
NewExpressionWithArgs:
new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type [ AssignExpression ]
new AllocatorArgumentsopt Type ( ArgumentListopt )
NewAnonClassExpression
AllocatorArguments:
( ArgumentListopt )
ArgumentList:
AssignExpression
AssignExpression ,
AssignExpression , ArgumentList
DeleteExpression:
delete UnaryExpression
CastExpression:
cast ( Type ) UnaryExpression
cast ( TypeCtorsopt ) UnaryExpression
PowExpression:
PostfixExpression
PostfixExpression ^^ UnaryExpression
PostfixExpression:
PrimaryExpression
PostfixExpression . Identifier
PostfixExpression . TemplateInstance
PostfixExpression . NewExpression
PostfixExpression ++
PostfixExpression --
PostfixExpression ( ArgumentListopt )
TypeCtorsopt BasicType ( ArgumentListopt )
IndexExpression
SliceExpression
IndexExpression:
PostfixExpression [ ArgumentList ]
SliceExpression:
PostfixExpression [ ]
PostfixExpression [ Slice ,opt ]
Slice:
AssignExpression
AssignExpression , Slice
AssignExpression .. AssignExpression
AssignExpression .. AssignExpression , Slice
PrimaryExpression:
Identifier
. Identifier
TemplateInstance
. TemplateInstance
this
super
null
true
false
$
IntegerLiteral
FloatLiteral
CharacterLiteral
StringLiterals
ArrayLiteral
AssocArrayLiteral
FunctionLiteral
AssertExpression
MixinExpression
ImportExpression
NewExpressionWithArgs
BasicTypeX . Identifier
BasicTypeX ( ArgumentListopt )
TypeCtor ( Type ) . Identifier
TypeCtor ( Type ) ( ArgumentListopt )
Typeof
TypeidExpression
IsExpression
( Expression )
SpecialKeyword
TraitsExpression
StringLiterals:
StringLiteral
StringLiterals StringLiteral
ArrayLiteral:
[ ArgumentListopt ]
AssocArrayLiteral:
[ KeyValuePairs ]
KeyValuePairs:
KeyValuePair
KeyValuePair , KeyValuePairs
KeyValuePair:
KeyExpression : ValueExpression
KeyExpression:
AssignExpression
ValueExpression:
AssignExpression
FunctionLiteral:
function refopt Typeopt ParameterWithAttributes opt FunctionLiteralBody
delegate refopt Typeopt ParameterWithMemberAttributes opt FunctionLiteralBody
refopt ParameterMemberAttributes FunctionLiteralBody
FunctionLiteralBody
Lambda
ParameterWithAttributes:
Parameters FunctionAttributesopt
ParameterWithMemberAttributes:
Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
FunctionLiteralBody:
BlockStatement
FunctionContractsopt BodyStatement
Lambda:
function refopt Typeopt ParameterAttributes => AssignExpression
delegate refopt Typeopt ParameterMemberAttributes => AssignExpression
refopt ParameterMemberAttributes => AssignExpression
Identifier => AssignExpression
AssertExpression:
assert ( AssertArguments )
AssertArguments:
AssignExpression ,opt
AssignExpression , AssignExpression ,opt
MixinExpression:
mixin ( ArgumentList )
ImportExpression:
import ( AssignExpression )
TypeidExpression:
typeid ( Type )
typeid ( Expression )
IsExpression:
is ( Type )
is ( Type : TypeSpecialization )
is ( Type == TypeSpecialization )
is ( Type : TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList )
is ( Type == TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList )
is ( Type Identifier )
is ( Type Identifier : TypeSpecialization )
is ( Type Identifier == TypeSpecialization )
is ( Type Identifier : TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList )
is ( Type Identifier == TypeSpecialization , TemplateParameterList )
TypeSpecialization:
Type
struct
union
class
interface
enum
__vector
function
delegate
super
const
immutable
inout
shared
return
__parameters
module
package
SpecialKeyword:
__FILE__
__FILE_FULL_PATH__
__MODULE__
__LINE__
__FUNCTION__
__PRETTY_FUNCTION__
Statement:
;
NonEmptyStatement
ScopeBlockStatement
NoScopeNonEmptyStatement:
NonEmptyStatement
BlockStatement
NoScopeStatement:
;
NonEmptyStatement
BlockStatement
NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement:
NonEmptyStatement
ScopeBlockStatement
NonEmptyStatement:
NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault
CaseStatement
CaseRangeStatement
DefaultStatement
NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault:
LabeledStatement
ExpressionStatement
DeclarationStatement
IfStatement
WhileStatement
DoStatement
ForStatement
ForeachStatement
SwitchStatement
FinalSwitchStatement
ContinueStatement
BreakStatement
ReturnStatement
GotoStatement
WithStatement
SynchronizedStatement
TryStatement
ScopeGuardStatement
ThrowStatement
AsmStatement
PragmaStatement
MixinStatement
ForeachRangeStatement
ConditionalStatement
StaticForeachStatement
StaticAssert
TemplateMixin
ImportDeclaration
ScopeStatement:
NonEmptyStatement
BlockStatement
ScopeBlockStatement:
BlockStatement
LabeledStatement:
Identifier :
Identifier : NoScopeStatement
Identifier : Statement
BlockStatement:
{ }
{ StatementList }
StatementList:
Statement
Statement StatementList
ExpressionStatement:
Expression ;
DeclarationStatement:
StorageClassesopt Declaration
IfStatement:
if ( IfCondition ) ThenStatement
if ( IfCondition ) ThenStatement else ElseStatement
IfCondition:
Expression
auto Identifier = Expression
TypeCtors Identifier = Expression
TypeCtorsopt BasicType Declarator = Expression
ThenStatement:
ScopeStatement
ElseStatement:
ScopeStatement
WhileStatement:
while ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
DoStatement:
do ScopeStatement while ( Expression ) ;
ForStatement:
for ( Initialize Testopt ; Incrementopt ) ScopeStatement
Initialize:
;
NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
Test:
Expression
Increment:
Expression
AggregateForeach:
Foreach ( ForeachTypeList ; ForeachAggregate )
ForeachStatement:
AggregateForeach NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
Foreach:
foreach
foreach_reverse
ForeachTypeList:
ForeachType
ForeachType , ForeachTypeList
ForeachType:
ForeachTypeAttributesopt BasicType Declarator
ForeachTypeAttributesopt Identifier
ForeachTypeAttributesopt alias Identifier
ForeachTypeAttributes
ForeachTypeAttribute
ForeachTypeAttribute ForeachTypeAttributesopt
ForeachTypeAttribute:
ref
TypeCtor
enum
ForeachAggregate:
Expression
RangeForeach:
Foreach ( ForeachType ; LwrExpression .. UprExpression )
LwrExpression:
Expression
UprExpression:
Expression
ForeachRangeStatement:
RangeForeach ScopeStatement
SwitchStatement:
switch ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
CaseStatement:
case ArgumentList : ScopeStatementList
CaseRangeStatement:
case FirstExp : .. case LastExp : ScopeStatementList
FirstExp:
AssignExpression
LastExp:
AssignExpression
DefaultStatement:
default : ScopeStatementList
ScopeStatementList:
StatementListNoCaseNoDefault
StatementListNoCaseNoDefault:
StatementNoCaseNoDefault
StatementNoCaseNoDefault StatementListNoCaseNoDefault
StatementNoCaseNoDefault:
;
NonEmptyStatementNoCaseNoDefault
ScopeBlockStatement
FinalSwitchStatement:
final switch ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
ContinueStatement:
continue Identifieropt ;
BreakStatement:
break Identifieropt ;
ReturnStatement:
return Expressionopt ;
GotoStatement:
goto Identifier ;
goto default ;
goto case ;
goto case Expression ;
WithStatement:
with ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
with ( Symbol ) ScopeStatement
with ( TemplateInstance ) ScopeStatement
SynchronizedStatement:
synchronized ScopeStatement
synchronized ( Expression ) ScopeStatement
TryStatement:
try ScopeStatement Catches
try ScopeStatement Catches FinallyStatement
try ScopeStatement FinallyStatement
Catches:
Catch
Catch Catches
Catch:
catch ( CatchParameter ) NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
CatchParameter:
BasicType Identifieropt
FinallyStatement:
finally NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
ThrowStatement:
throw Expression ;
ScopeGuardStatement:
scope(exit) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement
scope(success) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement
scope(failure) NonEmptyOrScopeBlockStatement
AsmStatement:
asm FunctionAttributesopt { AsmInstructionListopt }
AsmInstructionList:
AsmInstruction ;
AsmInstruction ; AsmInstructionList
PragmaStatement:
Pragma NoScopeStatement
MixinStatement:
mixin ( ArgumentList ) ;
AggregateDeclaration:
ClassDeclaration
InterfaceDeclaration
StructDeclaration
UnionDeclaration
StructDeclaration:
struct Identifier ;
struct Identifier AggregateBody
StructTemplateDeclaration
AnonStructDeclaration
AnonStructDeclaration:
struct AggregateBody
UnionDeclaration:
union Identifier ;
union Identifier AggregateBody
UnionTemplateDeclaration
AnonUnionDeclaration
AnonUnionDeclaration:
union AggregateBody
AggregateBody:
{ DeclDefsopt }
Postblit:
this ( this ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
this ( this ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
StructInvariant:
invariant ( ) BlockStatement
invariant BlockStatement
invariant ( AssertArguments ) ;
ClassDeclaration:
class Identifier ;
class Identifier BaseClassListopt AggregateBody
ClassTemplateDeclaration
BaseClassList:
: SuperClass
: SuperClass , Interfaces
: Interfaces
SuperClass:
BasicType
Interfaces:
Interface
Interface , Interfaces
Interface:
BasicType
Constructor:
this Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
this Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
ConstructorTemplate
Destructor:
~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
StaticConstructor:
static this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
static this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
StaticDestructor:
static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
SharedStaticConstructor:
shared static this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
shared static this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
SharedStaticDestructor:
shared static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt ;
shared static ~ this ( ) MemberFunctionAttributesopt FunctionBody
ClassInvariant:
invariant ( ) BlockStatement
invariant BlockStatement
invariant ( AssertArguments ) ;
Allocator:
new Parameters ;
new Parameters FunctionBody
Deallocator:
delete Parameters ;
delete Parameters FunctionBody
AliasThis:
alias Identifier this ;
NewAnonClassExpression:
new AllocatorArgumentsopt class ClassArgumentsopt SuperClassopt Interfacesopt AggregateBody
ClassArguments:
( ArgumentListopt )
class Identifier : SuperClass Interfaces AggregateBody new (ArgumentList) Identifier (ArgumentList);
InterfaceDeclaration:
interface Identifier ;
interface Identifier BaseInterfaceListopt AggregateBody
InterfaceTemplateDeclaration
BaseInterfaceList:
: Interfaces
EnumDeclaration:
enum Identifier EnumBody
enum Identifier : EnumBaseType EnumBody
AnonymousEnumDeclaration
EnumBaseType:
Type
EnumBody:
{ EnumMembers }
;
EnumMembers:
EnumMember
EnumMember ,
EnumMember , EnumMembers
EnumMemberAttributes:
EnumMemberAttribute
EnumMemberAttribute EnumMemberAttributes
EnumMemberAttribute:
DeprecatedAttribute
UserDefinedAttribute
@disable
EnumMember:
EnumMemberAttributesopt Identifier
EnumMemberAttributesopt Identifier = AssignExpression
AnonymousEnumDeclaration:
enum : EnumBaseType { EnumMembers }
enum { EnumMembers }
enum { AnonymousEnumMembers }
AnonymousEnumMembers:
AnonymousEnumMember
AnonymousEnumMember ,
AnonymousEnumMember , AnonymousEnumMembers
AnonymousEnumMember:
EnumMember
Type Identifier = AssignExpression
FuncDeclaration:
StorageClassesopt BasicType FuncDeclarator FunctionBody
AutoFuncDeclaration
AutoFuncDeclaration:
StorageClasses Identifier FuncDeclaratorSuffix FunctionBody
FuncDeclarator:
BasicType2opt Identifier FuncDeclaratorSuffix
FuncDeclaratorSuffix:
Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt
TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt
Parameters:
( ParameterListopt )
ParameterList:
Parameter
Parameter , ParameterList
...
Parameter:
ParameterAttributesopt BasicType Declarator
ParameterAttributesopt BasicType Declarator ...
ParameterAttributesopt BasicType Declarator = AssignExpression
ParameterAttributesopt Type
ParameterAttributesopt Type ...
ParameterAttributes:
InOut
UserDefinedAttribute
ParameterAttributes InOut
ParameterAttributes UserDefinedAttribute
ParameterAttributes
InOut:
auto
TypeCtor
final
in
lazy
out
ref
return ref
scope
FunctionAttributes:
FunctionAttribute
FunctionAttribute FunctionAttributes
FunctionAttribute:
nothrow
pure
Property
MemberFunctionAttributes:
MemberFunctionAttribute
MemberFunctionAttribute MemberFunctionAttributes
MemberFunctionAttribute:
const
immutable
inout
return
shared
FunctionAttribute
FunctionBody:
SpecifiedFunctionBody
MissingFunctionBody
FunctionLiteralBody:
SpecifiedFunctionBody
SpecifiedFunctionBody:
doopt BlockStatement
FunctionContractsopt InOutContractExpression doopt BlockStatement
FunctionContractsopt InOutStatement do BlockStatement
MissingFunctionBody:
;
FunctionContractsopt InOutContractExpression ;
FunctionContractsopt InOutStatement
FunctionContracts:
FunctionContract
FunctionContract FunctionContracts
FunctionContract:
InOutContractExpression
InOutStatement
InOutContractExpression:
InContractExpression
OutContractExpression
InOutStatement:
InStatement
OutStatement
InContractExpression:
in ( AssertArguments )
OutContractExpression:
out ( ; AssertArguments )
out ( Identifier ; AssertArguments )
InStatement:
in BlockStatement
OutStatement:
out BlockStatement
out ( Identifier ) BlockStatement
TemplateDeclaration:
template Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt { DeclDefsopt }
TemplateParameters:
( TemplateParameterListopt )
TemplateParameterList:
TemplateParameter
TemplateParameter ,
TemplateParameter , TemplateParameterList
TemplateParameter:
TemplateTypeParameter
TemplateValueParameter
TemplateAliasParameter
TemplateSequenceParameter
TemplateThisParameter
TemplateInstance:
Identifier TemplateArguments
TemplateArguments:
! ( TemplateArgumentListopt )
! TemplateSingleArgument
TemplateArgumentList:
TemplateArgument
TemplateArgument ,
TemplateArgument , TemplateArgumentList
TemplateArgument:
Type
AssignExpression
Symbol
Symbol:
SymbolTail
. SymbolTail
SymbolTail:
Identifier
Identifier . SymbolTail
TemplateInstance
TemplateInstance . SymbolTail
TemplateSingleArgument:
Identifier
BasicTypeX
CharacterLiteral
StringLiteral
IntegerLiteral
FloatLiteral
true
false
null
this
SpecialKeyword
TemplateTypeParameter:
Identifier
Identifier TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization
Identifier TemplateTypeParameterDefault
Identifier TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization TemplateTypeParameterDefault
TemplateTypeParameterSpecialization:
: Type
TemplateTypeParameterDefault:
= Type
TemplateThisParameter:
this TemplateTypeParameter
TemplateValueParameter:
BasicType Declarator
BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterSpecialization
BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterDefault
BasicType Declarator TemplateValueParameterSpecialization TemplateValueParameterDefault
TemplateValueParameterSpecialization:
: ConditionalExpression
TemplateValueParameterDefault:
= AssignExpression
= SpecialKeyword
TemplateAliasParameter:
alias Identifier TemplateAliasParameterSpecializationopt TemplateAliasParameterDefaultopt
alias BasicType Declarator TemplateAliasParameterSpecializationopt TemplateAliasParameterDefaultopt
TemplateAliasParameterSpecialization:
: Type
: ConditionalExpression
TemplateAliasParameterDefault:
= Type
= ConditionalExpression
TemplateSequenceParameter:
Identifier ...
ConstructorTemplate:
this TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt :
this TemplateParameters Parameters MemberFunctionAttributesopt Constraintopt FunctionBody
ClassTemplateDeclaration:
class Identifier TemplateParameters ;
class Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt BaseClassListopt AggregateBody
class Identifier TemplateParameters BaseClassListopt Constraintopt AggregateBody
InterfaceTemplateDeclaration:
interface Identifier TemplateParameters ;
interface Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt BaseInterfaceListopt AggregateBody
interface Identifier TemplateParameters BaseInterfaceList Constraint AggregateBody
StructTemplateDeclaration:
struct Identifier TemplateParameters ;
struct Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt AggregateBody
UnionTemplateDeclaration:
union Identifier TemplateParameters ;
union Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt AggregateBody
Constraint:
if ( Expression )
TemplateMixinDeclaration:
mixin template Identifier TemplateParameters Constraintopt { DeclDefsopt }
TemplateMixin:
mixin MixinTemplateName TemplateArgumentsopt Identifieropt ;
MixinTemplateName:
. QualifiedIdentifierList
QualifiedIdentifierList
Typeof . QualifiedIdentifierList
QualifiedIdentifierList:
Identifier
Identifier . QualifiedIdentifierList
TemplateInstance . QualifiedIdentifierList
ConditionalDeclaration:
Condition DeclarationBlock
Condition DeclarationBlock else DeclarationBlock
Condition : DeclDefsopt
Condition DeclarationBlock else : DeclDefsopt
ConditionalStatement:
Condition NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
Condition NoScopeNonEmptyStatement else NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
Condition:
VersionCondition
DebugCondition
StaticIfCondition
VersionCondition:
version ( IntegerLiteral )
version ( Identifier )
version ( unittest )
version ( assert )
VersionSpecification:
version = Identifier ;
version = IntegerLiteral ;
DebugCondition:
debug
debug ( IntegerLiteral )
debug ( Identifier )
DebugSpecification:
debug = Identifier ;
debug = IntegerLiteral ;
StaticIfCondition:
static if ( AssignExpression )
StaticForeach:
static AggregateForeach
static RangeForeach
StaticForeachDeclaration:
StaticForeach DeclarationBlock
StaticForeach : DeclDefsopt
StaticForeachStatement:
StaticForeach NoScopeNonEmptyStatement
StaticAssert:
static assert ( AssertArguments );
TraitsExpression:
__traits ( TraitsKeyword , TraitsArguments )
TraitsKeyword:
isAbstractClass
isArithmetic
isAssociativeArray
isFinalClass
isPOD
isNested
isFuture
isDeprecated
isFloating
isIntegral
isScalar
isStaticArray
isUnsigned
isDisabled
isVirtualFunction
isVirtualMethod
isAbstractFunction
isFinalFunction
isStaticFunction
isOverrideFunction
isTemplate
isRef
isOut
isLazy
isReturnOnStack
isZeroInit
isModule
isPackage
hasMember
identifier
getAliasThis
getAttributes
getFunctionAttributes
getFunctionVariadicStyle
getLinkage
getLocation
getMember
getOverloads
getParameterStorageClasses
getPointerBitmap
getProtection
getTargetInfo
getVirtualFunctions
getVirtualMethods
getUnitTests
parent
classInstanceSize
getVirtualIndex
allMembers
derivedMembers
isSame
compiles
TraitsArguments:
TraitsArgument
TraitsArgument , TraitsArguments
TraitsArgument:
AssignExpression
Type
UnitTest:
unittest BlockStatement
AsmStatement:
asm FunctionAttributesopt { AsmInstructionListopt }
AsmInstructionList:
AsmInstruction ;
AsmInstruction ; AsmInstructionList
AsmInstruction:
Identifier : AsmInstruction
align IntegerExpression
even
naked
db Operands
ds Operands
di Operands
dl Operands
df Operands
dd Operands
de Operands
db StringLiteral
ds StringLiteral
di StringLiteral
dl StringLiteral
dw StringLiteral
dq StringLiteral
Opcode
Opcode Operands
Operands:
Operand
Operand , Operands
IntegerExpression:
IntegerLiteral
Identifier
Register:
AL AH AX EAX
BL BH BX EBX
CL CH CX ECX
DL DH DX EDX
BP EBP
SP ESP
DI EDI
SI ESI
ES CS SS DS GS FS
CR0 CR2 CR3 CR4
DR0 DR1 DR2 DR3 DR6 DR7
TR3 TR4 TR5 TR6 TR7
ST
ST(0) ST(1) ST(2) ST(3) ST(4) ST(5) ST(6) ST(7)
MM0 MM1 MM2 MM3 MM4 MM5 MM6 MM7
XMM0 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMM5 XMM6 XMM7
Register64:
RAX RBX RCX RDX
BPL RBP
SPL RSP
DIL RDI
SIL RSI
R8B R8W R8D R8
R9B R9W R9D R9
R10B R10W R10D R10
R11B R11W R11D R11
R12B R12W R12D R12
R13B R13W R13D R13
R14B R14W R14D R14
R15B R15W R15D R15
XMM8 XMM9 XMM10 XMM11 XMM12 XMM13 XMM14 XMM15
YMM0 YMM1 YMM2 YMM3 YMM4 YMM5 YMM6 YMM7
YMM8 YMM9 YMM10 YMM11 YMM12 YMM13 YMM14 YMM15
Operand:
AsmExp
AsmExp:
AsmLogOrExp
AsmLogOrExp ? AsmExp : AsmExp
AsmLogOrExp:
AsmLogAndExp
AsmLogOrExp || AsmLogAndExp
AsmLogAndExp:
AsmOrExp
AsmLogAndExp && AsmOrExp
AsmOrExp:
AsmXorExp
AsmOrExp | AsmXorExp
AsmXorExp:
AsmAndExp
AsmXorExp ^ AsmAndExp
AsmAndExp:
AsmEqualExp
AsmAndExp & AsmEqualExp
AsmEqualExp:
AsmRelExp
AsmEqualExp == AsmRelExp
AsmEqualExp != AsmRelExp
AsmRelExp:
AsmShiftExp
AsmRelExp < AsmShiftExp
AsmRelExp <= AsmShiftExp
AsmRelExp > AsmShiftExp
AsmRelExp >= AsmShiftExp
AsmShiftExp:
AsmAddExp
AsmShiftExp << AsmAddExp
AsmShiftExp >> AsmAddExp
AsmShiftExp >>> AsmAddExp
AsmAddExp:
AsmMulExp
AsmAddExp + AsmMulExp
AsmAddExp - AsmMulExp
AsmMulExp:
AsmBrExp
AsmMulExp * AsmBrExp
AsmMulExp / AsmBrExp
AsmMulExp % AsmBrExp
AsmBrExp:
AsmUnaExp
AsmBrExp [ AsmExp ]
AsmUnaExp:
AsmTypePrefix AsmExp
offsetof AsmExp
seg AsmExp
+ AsmUnaExp
- AsmUnaExp
! AsmUnaExp
~ AsmUnaExp
AsmPrimaryExp
AsmPrimaryExp:
IntegerLiteral
FloatLiteral
__LOCAL_SIZE
$
Register
Register : AsmExp
Register64
Register64 : AsmExp
DotIdentifier
this
DotIdentifier:
Identifier
Identifier . DotIdentifier
BasicTypeX . Identifier
AsmTypePrefix:
near ptr
far ptr
word ptr
dword ptr
qword ptr
BasicTypeX ptr
NamedCharacterEntity:
& Identifier ;
MangledName:
_D QualifiedName Type
_D QualifiedName Z // Internal
QualifiedName:
SymbolFunctionName
SymbolFunctionName QualifiedName
SymbolFunctionName:
SymbolName
SymbolName TypeFunctionNoReturn
SymbolName M TypeModifiersopt TypeFunctionNoReturn
SymbolName:
LName
TemplateInstanceName
IdentifierBackRef
0 // anonymous symbols
TemplateInstanceName:
TemplateID LName TemplateArgs Z
TemplateID:
__T
__U // for symbols declared inside template constraint
TemplateArgs:
TemplateArg
TemplateArg TemplateArgs
TemplateArg:
TemplateArgX
H TemplateArgX
TemplateArgX:
T Type
V Type Value
S QualifiedName
X Number ExternallyMangledName
Value:
n
i Number
N Number
e HexFloat
c HexFloat c HexFloat
CharWidth Number _ HexDigits
A Number Value...
S Number Value...
HexFloat:
NAN
INF
NINF
N HexDigits P Exponent
HexDigits P Exponent
Exponent:
N Number
Number
HexDigits:
HexDigit
HexDigit HexDigits
HexDigit:
Digit
A
B
C
D
E
F
CharWidth:
a
w
d
Name:
Namestart
Namestart Namechars
Namestart:
_
Alpha
Namechar:
Namestart
Digit
Namechars:
Namechar
Namechar Namechars
LName:
Number Name
Number:
Digit
Digit Number
Digit:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TypeBackRef:
Q NumberBackRef
IdentifierBackRef:
Q NumberBackRef
NumberBackRef:
lower-case-letter
upper-case-letter NumberBackRef
Type:
TypeModifiersopt TypeX
TypeBackRef
TypeX:
TypeArray
TypeStaticArray
TypeAssocArray
TypePointer
TypeFunction
TypeIdent
TypeClass
TypeStruct
TypeEnum
TypeTypedef
TypeDelegate
TypeVoid
TypeByte
TypeUbyte
TypeShort
TypeUshort
TypeInt
TypeUint
TypeLong
TypeUlong
TypeCent
TypeUcent
TypeFloat
TypeDouble
TypeReal
TypeIfloat
TypeIdouble
TypeIreal
TypeCfloat
TypeCdouble
TypeCreal
TypeBool
TypeChar
TypeWchar
TypeDchar
TypeNull
TypeTuple
TypeVector
TypeModifiers:
Const
Wild
Wild Const
Shared
Shared Const
Shared Wild
Shared Wild Const
Immutable
Shared:
O
Const:
x
Immutable:
y
Wild:
Ng
TypeArray:
A Type
TypeStaticArray:
G Number Type
TypeAssocArray:
H Type Type
TypePointer:
P Type
TypeVector:
Nh Type
TypeFunction:
TypeFunctionNoReturn Type
TypeFunctionNoReturn:
CallConvention FuncAttrsopt Parametersopt ParamClose
CallConvention:
F // D
U // C
W // Windows
R // C++
Y // Objective-C
FuncAttrs:
FuncAttr
FuncAttr FuncAttrs
FuncAttr:
FuncAttrPure
FuncAttrNothrow
FuncAttrRef
FuncAttrProperty
FuncAttrNogc
FuncAttrReturn
FuncAttrScope
FuncAttrTrusted
FuncAttrSafe
FuncAttrPure:
Na
FuncAttrNogc:
Ni
FuncAttrNothrow:
Nb
FuncAttrProperty:
Nd
FuncAttrRef:
Nc
FuncAttrReturn:
Nj
FuncAttrScope:
Nl
FuncAttrTrusted:
Ne
FuncAttrSafe:
Nf
Parameters:
Parameter
Parameter Parameters
Parameter:
Parameter2
M Parameter2 // scope
Parameter2:
Type
J Type // out
K Type // ref
L Type // lazy
ParamClose
X // variadic T t...) style
Y // variadic T t,...) style
Z // not variadic
TypeIdent:
I QualifiedName
TypeClass:
C QualifiedName
TypeStruct:
S QualifiedName
TypeEnum:
E QualifiedName
TypeTypedef:
T QualifiedName
TypeDelegate:
D TypeModifiersopt TypeFunction
TypeVoid:
v
TypeByte:
g
TypeUbyte:
h
TypeShort:
s
TypeUshort:
t
TypeInt:
i
TypeUint:
k
TypeLong:
l
TypeUlong:
m
TypeCent:
zi
TypeUcent:
zk
TypeFloat:
f
TypeDouble:
d
TypeReal:
e
TypeIfloat:
o
TypeIdouble:
p
TypeIreal:
j
TypeCfloat:
q
TypeCdouble:
r
TypeCreal:
c
TypeBool:
b
TypeChar:
a
TypeWchar:
u
TypeDchar:
w
TypeNull:
n
TypeTuple:
B Parameters Z
© 1999–2019 The D Language Foundation
Licensed under the Boost License 1.0.
https://dlang.org/spec/grammar.html