<p><a id="link1" href="#link1">Visit link 1</a></p>
<p><a id="link2" href="#link2">Try to visit link 2</a> (you can't)</p>
<p id="log"></p>

function stopLink(event) {
  event.preventDefault();
}

function logClick(event) {
  const log = document.getElementById("log");

  if (event.target.tagName === "A") {
    log.innerText = event.defaultPrevented
      ? `Sorry, but you cannot visit this link!\n${log.innerText}`
      : `Visiting link…\n${log.innerText}`;
  }
}

const a = document.getElementById("link2");
a.addEventListener("click", stopLink);
document.addEventListener("click", logClick);