speechSynthesisUtteranceInstance.onpause = function() { ... };

var synth = window.speechSynthesis;

var inputForm = document.querySelector('form');
var inputTxt = document.querySelector('input');
var voiceSelect = document.querySelector('select');

var voices = synth.getVoices();

  ...

inputForm.onsubmit = function(event) {
  event.preventDefault();

  var utterThis = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(inputTxt.value);
  var selectedOption = voiceSelect.selectedOptions[0].getAttribute('data-name');
  for(i = 0; i < voices.length ; i++) {
    if(voices[i].name === selectedOption) {
      utterThis.voice = voices[i];
    }
  }

  synth.speak(utterThis);

  utterThis.onpause = function(event) {
    console.log('Speech paused after ' + event.elapsedTime + ' seconds.');
  }

  inputTxt.blur();
}