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Buffer-Local Variables

Global and local variable bindings are found in most programming languages in one form or another. Emacs, however, also supports additional, unusual kinds of variable binding, such as buffer-local bindings, which apply only in one buffer. Having different values for a variable in different buffers is an important customization method. (Variables can also have bindings that are local to each terminal. See Multiple Terminals.)

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https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Buffer_002dLocal-Variables.html