The <textarea> HTML element represents a multi-line plain-text editing control, useful when you want to allow users to enter a sizeable amount of free-form text, for example a comment on a review or feedback form.

The above example demonstrates a number of features of <textarea>:

• An id attribute to allow the <textarea> to be associated with a <label> element for accessibility purposes
• A name attribute to set the name of the associated data point submitted to the server when the form is submitted.
• rows and cols attributes to allow you to specify an exact size for the <textarea> to take. Setting these is a good idea for consistency, as browser defaults can differ.
• Default content entered between the opening and closing tags. <textarea> does not support the value attribute.

The <textarea> element also accepts several attributes common to form <input>s, such as autocomplete, autofocus, disabled, placeholder, readonly, and required.

This element includes the global attributes.

autocomplete

This attribute indicates whether the value of the control can be automatically completed by the browser. Possible values are:

• off: The user must explicitly enter a value into this field for every use, or the document provides its own auto-completion method; the browser does not automatically complete the entry.
• on: The browser can automatically complete the value based on values that the user has entered during previous uses.

If the autocomplete attribute is not specified on a <textarea> element, then the browser uses the autocomplete attribute value of the <textarea> element's form owner. The form owner is either the <form> element that this <textarea> element is a descendant of or the form element whose id is specified by the form attribute of the input element. For more information, see the autocomplete attribute in <form>.

autocorrect Non-standard

A string which indicates whether to activate automatic spelling correction and processing of text substitutions (if any are configured) while the user is editing this textarea. Permitted values are:

on

Enable automatic spelling correction and text substitutions.

off

Disable automatic spelling correction and text substitutions.

autofocus

This Boolean attribute lets you specify that a form control should have input focus when the page loads. Only one form-associated element in a document can have this attribute specified.

cols

The visible width of the text control, in average character widths. If it is specified, it must be a positive integer. If it is not specified, the default value is 20.

dirname

This attribute is used to indicate the text directionality of the element contents similar to the dirname attribute of the <input> element. For more information, see the dirname attribute.

disabled

This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot interact with the control. If this attribute is not specified, the control inherits its setting from the containing element, for example <fieldset>; if there is no containing element when the disabled attribute is set, the control is enabled.

form

The form element that the <textarea> element is associated with (its "form owner"). The value of the attribute must be the id of a form element in the same document. If this attribute is not specified, the <textarea> element must be a descendant of a form element. This attribute enables you to place <textarea> elements anywhere within a document, not just as descendants of form elements.

maxlength

The maximum string length (measured in UTF-16 code units) that the user can enter. If this value isn't specified, the user can enter an unlimited number of characters.

minlength

The minimum string length (measured in UTF-16 code units) required that the user should enter.

name

The name of the control.

placeholder

A hint to the user of what can be entered in the control. Carriage returns or line-feeds within the placeholder text must be treated as line breaks when rendering the hint.

Note: Placeholders should only be used to show an example of the type of data that should be entered into a form; they are not a substitute for a proper <label> element tied to the input. See <input> labels for a full explanation.

readonly

This Boolean attribute indicates that the user cannot modify the value of the control. Unlike the disabled attribute, the readonly attribute does not prevent the user from clicking or selecting in the control. The value of a read-only control is still submitted with the form.

required

This attribute specifies that the user must fill in a value before submitting a form.

rows

The number of visible text lines for the control. If it is specified, it must be a positive integer. If it is not specified, the default value is 2.

spellcheck

Specifies whether the <textarea> is subject to spell checking by the underlying browser/OS. The value can be:

• true: Indicates that the element needs to have its spelling and grammar checked.
• default : Indicates that the element is to act according to a default behavior, possibly based on the parent element's own spellcheck value.
• false : Indicates that the element should not be spell checked.

wrap

Indicates how the control should wrap the value for form submission. Possible values are:

• hard: The browser automatically inserts line breaks (CR+LF) so that each line is no longer than the width of the control; the cols attribute must be specified for this to take effect
• soft: The browser ensures that all line breaks in the entered value are a CR+LF pair, but no additional line breaks are added to the value.
• off Non-standard : Like soft but changes appearance to white-space: pre so line segments exceeding cols are not wrapped and the <textarea> becomes horizontally scrollable.

If this attribute is not specified, soft is its default value.

<textarea> is a replaced element — it has intrinsic dimensions, like a raster image. By default, its display value is inline-block. Compared to other form elements it is relatively easy to style, with its box model, fonts, color scheme, etc. being easily manipulable using regular CSS.

Styling HTML forms provides some useful tips on styling <textarea>s.

The HTML specification doesn't define where the baseline of a <textarea> is, so different browsers set it to different positions. For Gecko, the <textarea> baseline is set on the baseline of the first line of the textarea, on another browser it may be set on the bottom of the <textarea> box. Don't use vertical-align: baseline on it; the behavior is unpredictable.

In most browsers, <textarea>s are resizable — you'll notice the drag handle in the right-hand corner, which can be used to alter the size of the element on the page. This is controlled by the resize CSS property — resizing is enabled by default, but you can explicitly disable it using a resize value of none:

textarea {
  resize: none;
}

Valid and invalid values of a <textarea> element (e.g. those within, and outside the bounds set by minlength, maxlength, or required) can be highlighted using the :valid and :invalid pseudo-classes. For example, to give your textarea a different border depending on whether it is valid or invalid:

textarea:invalid {
  border: 2px dashed red;
}

textarea:valid {
  border: 2px solid lime;
}

The following example shows a very simple textarea, with a set numbers of rows and columns and some default content.

<textarea name="textarea" rows="10" cols="50">Write something here</textarea>

Result

This example has a minimum and maximum number of characters — of 10 and 20 respectively. Try it and see.

<textarea name="textarea" rows="5" cols="30" minlength="10" maxlength="20">
Write something here…
</textarea>

Result

Note that minlength doesn't stop the user from removing characters so that the number entered goes past the minimum, but it does make the value entered into the <textarea> invalid. Also note that even if you have a minlength value set (3, for example), an empty <textarea> is still considered valid unless you also have the required attribute set.

This example has a placeholder set. Notice how it disappears when you start typing into the box.

<textarea
  name="textarea"
  rows="5"
  cols="30"
  placeholder="Comment text."></textarea>

Result

This example shows two <textarea>s — one of which is disabled, and one of which is readonly. Have a play with both and you'll see the difference in behavior — the disabled element is not selectable in any way (and its value is not submitted), whereas the readonly element is selectable and its contents copyable (and its value is submitted); you just can't edit the contents.

<textarea name="textarea" rows="5" cols="30" disabled>
I am a disabled textarea.
</textarea>
<textarea name="textarea" rows="5" cols="30" readonly>
I am a read-only textarea.
</textarea>

Result

Other form-related elements:

• <form>
• <button>
• <datalist>
• <legend>
• <label>
• <select>
• <optgroup>
• <option>
• <input>
• <fieldset>
• <output>
• <progress>
• <meter>