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<canvas>: The Graphics Canvas element

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since ⁨July 2015⁩.

Use the <canvas> with either the canvas scripting API or the WebGL API to draw graphics and animations.

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global attributes.

height

The height of the coordinate space in CSS pixels. Defaults to 150.

moz-opaque

Lets the canvas know whether translucency will be a factor. If the canvas knows there's no translucency, painting performance can be optimized. This is only supported by Mozilla-based browsers; use the standardized canvas.getContext('2d', { alpha: false }) instead.

width

The width of the coordinate space in CSS pixels. Defaults to 300.

Usage notes

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Alternative content

You should provide alternate content inside the <canvas> block. That content will be rendered both on older browsers that don't support canvas and in browsers with JavaScript disabled.

Closing </canvas> tag

Unlike the <img> element, the <canvas> element requires the closing tag (</canvas>).

Sizing the canvas using CSS versus HTML

The displayed size of the canvas can be changed using CSS, but if you do this the image is scaled during rendering to fit the styled size, which can make the final graphics rendering end up being distorted.

It is better to specify your canvas dimensions by setting the width and height attributes directly on the <canvas> elements, either directly in the HTML or by using JavaScript.

Maximum canvas size

The exact maximum size of a <canvas> element depends on the browser and environment. While in most cases the maximum dimensions exceed 10,000 x 10,000 pixels, notably iOS devices limit the canvas size to only 4,096 x 4,096 pixels. See canvas size limits in different browsers and devices.

Note: Exceeding the maximum dimensions or area renders the canvas unusable — drawing commands will not work.

Using an offscreen canvas

A canvas can be rendered using the OffscreenCanvas API where the document and canvas are decoupled. The benefit is that a worker thread can handle canvas rendering and the main thread of your web application is not blocked by canvas operations. By parallelizing work, other UI elements of your web application will remain responsive even if you are running complex graphics on an offscreen canvas. For more information, see the OffscreenCanvas API documentation.

Accessibility

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Alternative content

The <canvas> element on its own is just a bitmap and does not provide information about any drawn objects. Canvas content is not exposed to accessibility tools as semantic HTML is. In general, you should avoid using canvas in an accessible website or app. The following guides can help to make it more accessible.

Examples

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HTML

This code snippet adds a canvas element to your HTML document. A fallback text is provided if a browser is unable to read or render the canvas.

<canvas width="120" height="120">
  An alternative text describing what your canvas displays.
</canvas>

JavaScript

Then in the JavaScript code, call HTMLCanvasElement.getContext() to get a drawing context and start drawing onto the canvas:

const canvas = document.querySelector("canvas");
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "green";
// Add a rectangle at (10, 10) with size 100x100 pixels
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 100, 100);

Result

Technical summary

Content categories Flow content, phrasing content, embedded content, palpable content.
Permitted content Transparent but with no interactive content descendants except for <a> elements, <button> elements, <input> elements whose type attribute is checkbox, radio, or button.
Tag omission None, both the starting and ending tag are mandatory.
Permitted parents Any element that accepts phrasing content.
Implicit ARIA role No corresponding role
Permitted ARIA roles Any
DOM interface HTMLCanvasElement

Specifications

Specification
HTML>
# the-canvas-element>

Browser compatibility

Desktop Mobile
Chrome Edge Firefox Opera Safari Chrome Android Firefox for Android Opera Android Safari on IOS Samsung Internet WebView Android WebView on iOS
canvas 1 12
1.5["Before Firefox 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox 12, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 9
2Although early versions of Apple's Safari browser don't require the closing tag, the specification indicates that it is required, so you should be sure to include it for broadest compatibility. Before version 2, Safari will render the content of the fallback in addition to the canvas itself unless you use CSS tricks to mask it.
 18
4["Before Firefox for Android 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox for Android 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox for Android 14, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 10.1 1 1.0 37 1
height 1 12
1.5["Before Firefox 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox 12, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 9
2Although early versions of Apple's Safari browser don't require the closing tag, the specification indicates that it is required, so you should be sure to include it for broadest compatibility. Before version 2, Safari will render the content of the fallback in addition to the canvas itself unless you use CSS tricks to mask it.
 18
4["Before Firefox for Android 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox for Android 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox for Android 14, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 10.1 1 1.0 37 1
moz-opaque No No 3.5 No No No 4 No No No No No
width 1 12
1.5["Before Firefox 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox 12, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 9
2Although early versions of Apple's Safari browser don't require the closing tag, the specification indicates that it is required, so you should be sure to include it for broadest compatibility. Before version 2, Safari will render the content of the fallback in addition to the canvas itself unless you use CSS tricks to mask it.
 18
4["Before Firefox for Android 5, the canvas width and height were signed integers instead of unsigned integers.", "Before Firefox for Android 6, a <canvas> element with a zero width or height would be rendered as if it had default dimensions.", "Before Firefox for Android 14, if JavaScript is disabled, the <canvas> element was being rendered instead of showing the fallback content as per the specification. Since then, the fallback content is rendered instead."]
 10.1 1 1.0 37 1

See also

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Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/canvas