<track>: The Embed Text Track element

The <track> HTML element is used as a child of the media elements, <audio> and <video>. Each track element lets you specify a timed text track (or time-based data) that can be displayed in parallel with the media element, for example to overlay subtitles or closed captions on top of a video or alongside audio tracks.

Multiple tracks can be specified for a media element, containing different kinds of timed text data, or timed text data that has been translated for different locales. The data that is used will either be the track that has been set to be the default, or a kind and translation based on user preferences.

The tracks are formatted in WebVTT format (.vtt files) — Web Video Text Tracks.

Try it

<video controls src="/shared-assets/videos/friday.mp4">
  <track
    default
    kind="captions"
    srclang="en"
    src="/shared-assets/misc/friday.vtt" />
  Download the
  <a href="/shared-assets/videos/friday.mp4">MP4</a>
  video, and
  <a href="/shared-assets/misc/friday.vtt">subtitles</a>.
</video>

video {
  width: 250px;
}

video::cue {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

Attributes

This element includes the global attributes.

default

This attribute indicates that the track should be enabled unless the user's preferences indicate that another track is more appropriate. This may only be used on one track element per media element.

kind

How the text track is meant to be used. If omitted the default kind is subtitles. If the attribute contains an invalid value, it will use metadata. The following keywords are allowed:

• subtitles

  • Subtitles provide translation of content that cannot be understood by the viewer. For example speech or text that is not English in an English language film.
  • Subtitles may contain additional content, usually extra background information. For example the text at the beginning of the Star Wars films, or the date, time, and location of a scene.

• captions

  • Closed captions provide a transcription and possibly a translation of audio.
  • It may include important non-verbal information such as music cues or sound effects. It may indicate the cue's source (e.g., music, text, character).
  • Suitable for users who are deaf or when the sound is muted.

• chapters

  • Chapter titles are intended to be used when the user is navigating the media resource.

• metadata

  • Tracks used by scripts. Not visible to the user.

label

A user-readable title of the text track which is used by the browser when listing available text tracks.

src

Address of the track (.vtt file). Must be a valid URL. This attribute must be specified and its URL value must have the same origin as the document — unless the <audio> or <video> parent element of the track element has a crossorigin attribute.

srclang

Language of the track text data. It must be a valid BCP 47 language tag. If the kind attribute is set to subtitles, then srclang must be defined.

Usage notes

Track data types

The type of data that track adds to the media is set in the kind attribute, which can take values of subtitles, captions, chapters or metadata. The element points to a source file containing timed text that the browser exposes when the user requests additional data.

A media element cannot have more than one track with the same kind, srclang, and label.

Detecting cue changes

The underlying TextTrack, indicated by the track property, receives a cuechange event every time the currently-presented cue is changed. This happens even if the track isn't associated with a media element.

If the track is associated with a media element, using the <track> element as a child of the <audio> or <video> element, the cuechange event is also sent to the HTMLTrackElement.

let textTrackElem = document.getElementById("text-track");

textTrackElem.addEventListener("cuechange", (event) => {
  let cues = event.target.track.activeCues;
});

Adding text tracks programmatically

The JavaScript interface that represents the <track> element is HTMLTrackElement. The text track associated with an element can be obtained from the HTMLTrackElement.track property, and is of type TextTrack.

TextTrack objects also can be added to a HTMLVideoElement or HTMLAudioElement elements using the HTMLMediaElement.addTextTrack() method. The TextTrack objects associated with a media element stored in a TextTrackList, which can be retrieved using the HTMLMediaElement.textTracks property.

Examples

<video controls poster="/images/sample.gif">
  <source src="sample.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
  <source src="sample.ogv" type="video/ogv" />
  <track kind="captions" src="sampleCaptions.vtt" srclang="en" />
  <track kind="chapters" src="sampleChapters.vtt" srclang="en" />
  <track kind="subtitles" src="sampleSubtitles_de.vtt" srclang="de" />
  <track kind="subtitles" src="sampleSubtitles_en.vtt" srclang="en" />
  <track kind="subtitles" src="sampleSubtitles_ja.vtt" srclang="ja" />
  <track kind="subtitles" src="sampleSubtitles_oz.vtt" srclang="oz" />
  <track kind="metadata" src="keyStage1.vtt" srclang="en" label="Key Stage 1" />
  <track kind="metadata" src="keyStage2.vtt" srclang="en" label="Key Stage 2" />
  <track kind="metadata" src="keyStage3.vtt" srclang="en" label="Key Stage 3" />
  <!-- Fallback -->
  …
</video>

Technical summary

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• WebVTT text track format
• HTMLMediaElement.textTracks