This tutorial shows you how to run a sample app on Kubernetes using minikube and Katacoda. Katacoda provides a free, in-browser Kubernetes environment.
This tutorial provides a container image that uses NGINX to echo back all the requests.
Click Launch Terminal
minikube start
. Before you run minikube dashboard
, you should open a new terminal, start minikube dashboard
there, and then switch back to the main terminal. Open the Kubernetes dashboard in a browser:
minikube dashboard
Katacoda environment only: At the top of the terminal pane, click the plus sign, and then click Select port to view on Host 1.
Katacoda environment only: Type 30000
, and then click Display Port.
The dashboard
command enables the dashboard add-on and opens the proxy in the default web browser. You can create Kubernetes resources on the dashboard such as Deployment and Service.
If you are running in an environment as root, see Open Dashboard with URL.
By default, the dashboard is only accessible from within the internal Kubernetes virtual network. The dashboard
command creates a temporary proxy to make the dashboard accessible from outside the Kubernetes virtual network.
To stop the proxy, run Ctrl+C
to exit the process. After the command exits, the dashboard remains running in the Kubernetes cluster. You can run the dashboard
command again to create another proxy to access the dashboard.
If you don't want to open a web browser, run the dashboard command with the --url
flag to emit a URL:
minikube dashboard --url
A Kubernetes Pod is a group of one or more Containers, tied together for the purposes of administration and networking. The Pod in this tutorial has only one Container. A Kubernetes Deployment checks on the health of your Pod and restarts the Pod's Container if it terminates. Deployments are the recommended way to manage the creation and scaling of Pods.
Use the kubectl create
command to create a Deployment that manages a Pod. The Pod runs a Container based on the provided Docker image.
kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4
View the Deployment:
kubectl get deployments
The output is similar to:
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
hello-node 1/1 1 1 1m
View the Pod:
kubectl get pods
The output is similar to:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
hello-node-5f76cf6ccf-br9b5 1/1 Running 0 1m
View cluster events:
kubectl get events
View the kubectl
configuration:
kubectl config view
kubectl
commands, see the kubectl overview. By default, the Pod is only accessible by its internal IP address within the Kubernetes cluster. To make the hello-node
Container accessible from outside the Kubernetes virtual network, you have to expose the Pod as a Kubernetes Service.
Expose the Pod to the public internet using the kubectl expose
command:
kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080
The --type=LoadBalancer
flag indicates that you want to expose your Service outside of the cluster.
The application code inside the image k8s.gcr.io/echoserver
only listens on TCP port 8080. If you used kubectl expose
to expose a different port, clients could not connect to that other port.
View the Service you created:
kubectl get services
The output is similar to:
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
hello-node LoadBalancer 10.108.144.78 <pending> 8080:30369/TCP 21s
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 23m
On cloud providers that support load balancers, an external IP address would be provisioned to access the Service. On minikube, the LoadBalancer
type makes the Service accessible through the minikube service
command.
Run the following command:
minikube service hello-node
Katacoda environment only: Click the plus sign, and then click Select port to view on Host 1.
Katacoda environment only: Note the 5-digit port number displayed opposite to 8080
in services output. This port number is randomly generated and it can be different for you. Type your number in the port number text box, then click Display Port. Using the example from earlier, you would type 30369
.
This opens up a browser window that serves your app and shows the app's response.
The minikube tool includes a set of built-in addons that can be enabled, disabled and opened in the local Kubernetes environment.
List the currently supported addons:
minikube addons list
The output is similar to:
addon-manager: enabled
dashboard: enabled
default-storageclass: enabled
efk: disabled
freshpod: disabled
gvisor: disabled
helm-tiller: disabled
ingress: disabled
ingress-dns: disabled
logviewer: disabled
metrics-server: disabled
nvidia-driver-installer: disabled
nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled
registry: disabled
registry-creds: disabled
storage-provisioner: enabled
storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled
Enable an addon, for example, metrics-server
:
minikube addons enable metrics-server
The output is similar to:
The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled
View the Pod and Service you created:
kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
The output is similar to:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-mh9ll 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-pqd2t 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/metrics-server-67fb648c5 1/1 Running 0 26s
pod/etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/influxdb-grafana-b29w8 2/2 Running 0 26s
pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/kube-proxy-rnlps 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
pod/storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 34m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/metrics-server ClusterIP 10.96.241.45 <none> 80/TCP 26s
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 34m
service/monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.99.24.54 <none> 80:30002/TCP 26s
service/monitoring-influxdb ClusterIP 10.111.169.94 <none> 8083/TCP,8086/TCP 26s
Disable metrics-server
:
minikube addons disable metrics-server
The output is similar to:
metrics-server was successfully disabled
Now you can clean up the resources you created in your cluster:
kubectl delete service hello-node
kubectl delete deployment hello-node
Optionally, stop the Minikube virtual machine (VM):
minikube stop
Optionally, delete the Minikube VM:
minikube delete
© 2022 The Kubernetes Authors
Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0.
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube/