Percona XtraDB was an enhanced version of the InnoDB storage engine used in MariaDB before MariaDB 10.2, designed to better scale on modern hardware, and it includes a variety of other features useful in high performance environments.
It is fully backwards compatible, and it identifies itself to MariaDB as "ENGINE=InnoDB" (just like InnoDB), and so can be used as a drop-in replacement for standard InnoDB.
Percona XtraDB includes all of InnoDB's robust, reliable ACID-compliant design and advanced MVCC architecture, and builds on that solid foundation with more features, more tunability, more metrics, and more scalability. In particular, it is designed to scale better on many cores, to use memory more efficiently, and to be more convenient and useful. The new features are especially designed to alleviate some of InnoDB's limitations. We choose features and fixes based on customer requests and on our best judgment of real-world needs as a high-performance consulting company.
XtraDB was also available in MariaDB for Windows.
More information can be found in the Percona documentation.
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https://mariadb.com/kb/en/about-xtradb/