This section describes the scanf conversions for reading numeric values.
The ‘%d’ conversion matches an optionally signed integer in decimal radix.
The ‘%i’ conversion matches an optionally signed integer in any of the formats that the C language defines for specifying an integer constant.
For example, any of the strings ‘10’, ‘0xa’, or ‘012’ could be read in as integers under the ‘%i’ conversion. Each of these specifies a number with decimal value 10.
The ‘%o’, ‘%u’, and ‘%x’ conversions match unsigned integers in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal radices, respectively.
The ‘%X’ conversion is identical to the ‘%x’ conversion. They both permit either uppercase or lowercase letters to be used as digits.
By default, integers are read as 32-bit quantities. With the ‘h’ modifier, 16-bit integers are used, and with the ‘l’ modifier, 64-bit integers are used.
© 1996–2018 John W. Eaton
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https://octave.org/doc/interpreter/Numeric-Input-Conversions.html