Class PushbackInputStream

All Implemented Interfaces:
Closeable, AutoCloseable 
public class PushbackInputStream
extends FilterInputStream

A PushbackInputStream adds functionality to another input stream, namely the ability to "push back" or "unread" bytes, by storing pushed-back bytes in an internal buffer. This is useful in situations where it is convenient for a fragment of code to read an indefinite number of data bytes that are delimited by a particular byte value; after reading the terminating byte, the code fragment can "unread" it, so that the next read operation on the input stream will reread the byte that was pushed back. For example, bytes representing the characters constituting an identifier might be terminated by a byte representing an operator character; a method whose job is to read just an identifier can read until it sees the operator and then push the operator back to be re-read.

Since:
1.0

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field Description
protected byte[] buf

The pushback buffer.
protected int pos

The position within the pushback buffer from which the next byte will be read.

Fields declared in class java.io.FilterInputStream

in

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description
PushbackInputStream​(InputStream in)

Creates a PushbackInputStream with a 1-byte pushback buffer, and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use.
PushbackInputStream​(InputStream in, int size)

Creates a PushbackInputStream with a pushback buffer of the specified size, and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use.

Method Summary

All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type Method Description
int available()

Returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next invocation of a method for this input stream.
void close()

Closes this input stream and releases any system resources associated with the stream.
void mark​(int readlimit)

Marks the current position in this input stream.
boolean markSupported()

Tests if this input stream supports the mark and reset methods, which it does not.
int read()

Reads the next byte of data from this input stream.
int read​(byte[] b, int off, int len)

Reads up to len bytes of data from this input stream into an array of bytes.
void reset()

Repositions this stream to the position at the time the mark method was last called on this input stream.
long skip​(long n)

Skips over and discards n bytes of data from this input stream.
void unread​(byte[] b)

Pushes back an array of bytes by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.
void unread​(byte[] b, int off, int len)

Pushes back a portion of an array of bytes by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.
void unread​(int b)

Pushes back a byte by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer.

Methods declared in class java.io.FilterInputStream

read

Methods declared in class java.io.InputStream

nullInputStream, readAllBytes, readNBytes, readNBytes, transferTo

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

buf

protected byte[] buf

The pushback buffer.

Since:
1.1

pos

protected int pos

The position within the pushback buffer from which the next byte will be read. When the buffer is empty, pos is equal to buf.length; when the buffer is full, pos is equal to zero.

Since:
1.1

Constructor Detail

PushbackInputStream

public PushbackInputStream​(InputStream in,
                           int size)

Creates a PushbackInputStream with a pushback buffer of the specified size, and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use. Initially, the pushback buffer is empty.

Parameters:
in - the input stream from which bytes will be read.
size - the size of the pushback buffer.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException - if size <= 0
Since:
1.1

PushbackInputStream

public PushbackInputStream​(InputStream in)

Creates a PushbackInputStream with a 1-byte pushback buffer, and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use. Initially, the pushback buffer is empty.

Parameters:
in - the input stream from which bytes will be read.

Method Detail

read

public int read()
         throws IOException

Reads the next byte of data from this input stream. The value byte is returned as an int in the range 0 to 255. If no byte is available because the end of the stream has been reached, the value -1 is returned. This method blocks until input data is available, the end of the stream is detected, or an exception is thrown.

This method returns the most recently pushed-back byte, if there is one, and otherwise calls the read method of its underlying input stream and returns whatever value that method returns.

Overrides:
read in class FilterInputStream
Returns:
the next byte of data, or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached.
Throws:
IOException - if this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method, or an I/O error occurs.
See Also:
InputStream.read()

read

public int read​(byte[] b,
                int off,
                int len)
         throws IOException

Reads up to len bytes of data from this input stream into an array of bytes. This method first reads any pushed-back bytes; after that, if fewer than len bytes have been read then it reads from the underlying input stream. If len is not zero, the method blocks until at least 1 byte of input is available; otherwise, no bytes are read and 0 is returned.

Overrides:
read in class FilterInputStream
Parameters:
b - the buffer into which the data is read.
off - the start offset in the destination array b
len - the maximum number of bytes read.
Returns:
the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or -1 if there is no more data because the end of the stream has been reached.
Throws:
NullPointerException - If b is null.
IndexOutOfBoundsException - If off is negative, len is negative, or len is greater than b.length - off
IOException - if this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method, or an I/O error occurs.
See Also:
InputStream.read(byte[], int, int)

unread

public void unread​(int b)
            throws IOException

Pushes back a byte by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next byte to be read will have the value (byte)b.

Parameters:
b - the int value whose low-order byte is to be pushed back.
Throws:
IOException - If there is not enough room in the pushback buffer for the byte, or this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method.

unread

public void unread​(byte[] b,
                   int off,
                   int len)
            throws IOException

Pushes back a portion of an array of bytes by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next byte to be read will have the value b[off], the byte after that will have the value b[off+1], and so forth.

Parameters:
b - the byte array to push back.
off - the start offset of the data.
len - the number of bytes to push back.
Throws:
IOException - If there is not enough room in the pushback buffer for the specified number of bytes, or this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method.
Since:
1.1

unread

public void unread​(byte[] b)
            throws IOException

Pushes back an array of bytes by copying it to the front of the pushback buffer. After this method returns, the next byte to be read will have the value b[0], the byte after that will have the value b[1], and so forth.

Parameters:
b - the byte array to push back
Throws:
IOException - If there is not enough room in the pushback buffer for the specified number of bytes, or this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method.
Since:
1.1

available

public int available()
              throws IOException

Returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped over) from this input stream without blocking by the next invocation of a method for this input stream. The next invocation might be the same thread or another thread. A single read or skip of this many bytes will not block, but may read or skip fewer bytes.

The method returns the sum of the number of bytes that have been pushed back and the value returned by available.

Overrides:
available in class FilterInputStream
Returns:
the number of bytes that can be read (or skipped over) from the input stream without blocking.
Throws:
IOException - if this input stream has been closed by invoking its close() method, or an I/O error occurs.
See Also:
FilterInputStream.in, InputStream.available()

skip

public long skip​(long n)
          throws IOException

Skips over and discards n bytes of data from this input stream. The skip method may, for a variety of reasons, end up skipping over some smaller number of bytes, possibly zero. If n is negative, no bytes are skipped.

The skip method of PushbackInputStream first skips over the bytes in the pushback buffer, if any. It then calls the skip method of the underlying input stream if more bytes need to be skipped. The actual number of bytes skipped is returned.

Overrides:
skip in class FilterInputStream
Parameters:
n - the number of bytes to be skipped.
Returns:
the actual number of bytes skipped.
Throws:
IOException - if the stream has been closed by invoking its close() method, in.skip(n) throws an IOException, or an I/O error occurs.
Since:
1.2
See Also:
FilterInputStream.in, InputStream.skip(long n)

markSupported

public boolean markSupported()

Tests if this input stream supports the mark and reset methods, which it does not.

Overrides:
markSupported in class FilterInputStream
Returns:
false, since this class does not support the mark and reset methods.
See Also:
InputStream.mark(int), InputStream.reset()

mark

public void mark​(int readlimit)

Marks the current position in this input stream.

The mark method of PushbackInputStream does nothing.

Overrides:
mark in class FilterInputStream
Parameters:
readlimit - the maximum limit of bytes that can be read before the mark position becomes invalid.
See Also:
InputStream.reset()

reset

public void reset()
           throws IOException

Repositions this stream to the position at the time the mark method was last called on this input stream.

The method reset for class PushbackInputStream does nothing except throw an IOException.

Overrides:
reset in class FilterInputStream
Throws:
IOException - if this method is invoked.
See Also:
InputStream.mark(int), IOException

close

public void close()
           throws IOException

Closes this input stream and releases any system resources associated with the stream. Once the stream has been closed, further read(), unread(), available(), reset(), or skip() invocations will throw an IOException. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect.

Specified by:
close in interface AutoCloseable
Specified by:
close in interface Closeable
Overrides:
close in class FilterInputStream
Throws:
IOException - if an I/O error occurs.
See Also:
FilterInputStream.in