AutoCloseable
, BaseStream<Double,DoubleStream>
public interface DoubleStream extends BaseStream<Double,DoubleStream>
double
primitive specialization of Stream
. The following example illustrates an aggregate operation using Stream
and DoubleStream
, computing the sum of the weights of the red widgets:
double sum = widgets.stream()
.filter(w -> w.getColor() == RED)
.mapToDouble(w -> w.getWeight())
.sum();
See the class documentation for Stream
and the package documentation for java.util.stream for additional specification of streams, stream operations, stream pipelines, and parallelism.Modifier and Type | Interface | Description |
---|---|---|
static interface |
DoubleStream.Builder |
A mutable builder for a DoubleStream . |
static interface |
DoubleStream.DoubleMapMultiConsumer |
Represents an operation that accepts a double -valued argument and a DoubleConsumer, and returns no result. |
Modifier and Type | Method | Description |
---|---|---|
boolean |
allMatch |
Returns whether all elements of this stream match the provided predicate. |
boolean |
anyMatch |
Returns whether any elements of this stream match the provided predicate. |
OptionalDouble |
average() |
Returns an OptionalDouble describing the arithmetic mean of elements of this stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty. |
Stream |
boxed() |
Returns a Stream consisting of the elements of this stream, boxed to Double . |
static DoubleStream.Builder |
builder() |
Returns a builder for a DoubleStream . |
<R> R |
collect |
Performs a mutable reduction operation on the elements of this stream. |
static DoubleStream |
concat |
Creates a lazily concatenated stream whose elements are all the elements of the first stream followed by all the elements of the second stream. |
long |
count() |
Returns the count of elements in this stream. |
DoubleStream |
distinct() |
Returns a stream consisting of the distinct elements of this stream. |
default DoubleStream |
dropWhile |
Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream after dropping the longest prefix of elements that match the given predicate. |
static DoubleStream |
empty() |
Returns an empty sequential DoubleStream . |
DoubleStream |
filter |
Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream that match the given predicate. |
OptionalDouble |
findAny() |
Returns an OptionalDouble describing some element of the stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if the stream is empty. |
OptionalDouble |
findFirst() |
Returns an OptionalDouble describing the first element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if the stream is empty. |
DoubleStream |
flatMap |
Returns a stream consisting of the results of replacing each element of this stream with the contents of a mapped stream produced by applying the provided mapping function to each element. |
void |
forEach |
Performs an action for each element of this stream. |
void |
forEachOrdered |
Performs an action for each element of this stream, guaranteeing that each element is processed in encounter order for streams that have a defined encounter order. |
static DoubleStream |
generate |
Returns an infinite sequential unordered stream where each element is generated by the provided DoubleSupplier . |
static DoubleStream |
iterate |
Returns a sequential ordered DoubleStream produced by iterative application of the given next function to an initial element, conditioned on satisfying the given hasNext predicate. |
static DoubleStream |
iterate |
Returns an infinite sequential ordered DoubleStream produced by iterative application of a function f to an initial element seed , producing a Stream consisting of seed , f(seed) , f(f(seed)) , etc. |
DoubleStream |
limit |
Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, truncated to be no longer than maxSize in length. |
DoubleStream |
map |
Returns a stream consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. |
default DoubleStream |
mapMulti |
Returns a stream consisting of the results of replacing each element of this stream with multiple elements, specifically zero or more elements. |
IntStream |
mapToInt |
Returns an IntStream consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. |
LongStream |
mapToLong |
Returns a LongStream consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. |
<U> Stream |
mapToObj |
Returns an object-valued Stream consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. |
OptionalDouble |
max() |
Returns an OptionalDouble describing the maximum element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if this stream is empty. |
OptionalDouble |
min() |
Returns an OptionalDouble describing the minimum element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if this stream is empty. |
boolean |
noneMatch |
Returns whether no elements of this stream match the provided predicate. |
static DoubleStream |
of |
Returns a sequential DoubleStream containing a single element. |
static DoubleStream |
of |
Returns a sequential ordered stream whose elements are the specified values. |
DoubleStream |
peek |
Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream, additionally performing the provided action on each element as elements are consumed from the resulting stream. |
double |
reduce |
Performs a reduction on the elements of this stream, using the provided identity value and an associative accumulation function, and returns the reduced value. |
OptionalDouble |
reduce |
Performs a reduction on the elements of this stream, using an associative accumulation function, and returns an OptionalDouble describing the reduced value, if any. |
DoubleStream |
skip |
Returns a stream consisting of the remaining elements of this stream after discarding the first n elements of the stream. |
DoubleStream |
sorted() |
Returns a stream consisting of the elements of this stream in sorted order. |
double |
sum() |
Returns the sum of elements in this stream. |
DoubleSummaryStatistics |
summaryStatistics() |
Returns a DoubleSummaryStatistics describing various summary data about the elements of this stream. |
default DoubleStream |
takeWhile |
Returns, if this stream is ordered, a stream consisting of the longest prefix of elements taken from this stream that match the given predicate. |
double[] |
toArray() |
Returns an array containing the elements of this stream. |
close, isParallel, iterator, onClose, parallel, sequential, spliterator, unordered
DoubleStream filter(DoublePredicate predicate)
This is an intermediate operation.
predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to each element to determine if it should be includedDoubleStream map(DoubleUnaryOperator mapper)
This is an intermediate operation.
mapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function to apply to each element<U> Stream<U> mapToObj(DoubleFunction<? extends U> mapper)
Stream
consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. This is an intermediate operation.
U
- the element type of the new streammapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function to apply to each elementIntStream mapToInt(DoubleToIntFunction mapper)
IntStream
consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. This is an intermediate operation.
mapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function to apply to each elementLongStream mapToLong(DoubleToLongFunction mapper)
LongStream
consisting of the results of applying the given function to the elements of this stream. This is an intermediate operation.
mapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function to apply to each elementDoubleStream flatMap(DoubleFunction<? extends DoubleStream> mapper)
closed
after its contents have been placed into this stream. (If a mapped stream is null
an empty stream is used, instead.) This is an intermediate operation.
mapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function to apply to each element which produces a DoubleStream
of new valuesdefault DoubleStream mapMulti(DoubleStream.DoubleMapMultiConsumer mapper)
This is an intermediate operation.
If the consumer argument is used outside the scope of its application to the mapping function, the results are undefined.
flatMap
on this stream, passing a function that behaves as follows. First, it calls the mapper function with a DoubleConsumer
that accumulates replacement elements into a newly created internal buffer. When the mapper function returns, it creates a DoubleStream
from the internal buffer. Finally, it returns this stream to flatMap
.mapper
- a non-interfering, stateless function that generates replacement elementsDoubleStream distinct()
Double.compare(double, double)
. This is a stateful intermediate operation.
DoubleStream sorted()
Double.compare(double, double)
. This is a stateful intermediate operation.
DoubleStream peek(DoubleConsumer action)
This is an intermediate operation.
For parallel stream pipelines, the action may be called at whatever time and in whatever thread the element is made available by the upstream operation. If the action modifies shared state, it is responsible for providing the required synchronization.
DoubleStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4)
.filter(e -> e > 2)
.peek(e -> System.out.println("Filtered value: " + e))
.map(e -> e * e)
.peek(e -> System.out.println("Mapped value: " + e))
.sum();
In cases where the stream implementation is able to optimize away the production of some or all the elements (such as with short-circuiting operations like findFirst
, or in the example described in count()
), the action will not be invoked for those elements.
action
- a non-interfering action to perform on the elements as they are consumed from the streamDoubleStream limit(long maxSize)
maxSize
in length.
limit()
is generally a cheap operation on sequential stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, especially for large values of maxSize
, since limit(n)
is constrained to return not just any n elements, but the first n elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered stream source (such as generate(DoubleSupplier)
) or removing the ordering constraint with BaseStream.unordered()
may result in significant speedups of limit()
in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with limit()
in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution with BaseStream.sequential()
may improve performance.maxSize
- the number of elements the stream should be limited toIllegalArgumentException
- if maxSize
is negativeDoubleStream skip(long n)
n
elements of the stream. If this stream contains fewer than n
elements then an empty stream will be returned. This is a stateful intermediate operation.
skip()
is generally a cheap operation on sequential stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, especially for large values of n
, since skip(n)
is constrained to skip not just any n elements, but the first n elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered stream source (such as generate(DoubleSupplier)
) or removing the ordering constraint with BaseStream.unordered()
may result in significant speedups of skip()
in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with skip()
in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution with BaseStream.sequential()
may improve performance.n
- the number of leading elements to skipIllegalArgumentException
- if n
is negativedefault DoubleStream takeWhile(DoublePredicate predicate)
If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate. The first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does not match the given predicate.
If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is nondeterministic; it is free to take any subset of matching elements (which includes the empty set).
Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation takes all elements (the result is the same as the input), or if no elements of the stream match the given predicate then no elements are taken (the result is an empty stream).
takeWhile()
is generally a cheap operation on sequential stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered stream source (such as generate(DoubleSupplier)
) or removing the ordering constraint with BaseStream.unordered()
may result in significant speedups of takeWhile()
in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with takeWhile()
in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution with BaseStream.sequential()
may improve performance.spliterator
of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with the wrapped spliterator. The returned stream preserves the execution characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution as per BaseStream.isParallel()
) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to not support splitting. When the returned stream is closed, the close handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked.predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest prefix of elements.default DoubleStream dropWhile(DoublePredicate predicate)
If this stream is ordered then the longest prefix is a contiguous sequence of elements of this stream that match the given predicate. The first element of the sequence is the first element of this stream, and the element immediately following the last element of the sequence does not match the given predicate.
If this stream is unordered, and some (but not all) elements of this stream match the given predicate, then the behavior of this operation is nondeterministic; it is free to drop any subset of matching elements (which includes the empty set).
Independent of whether this stream is ordered or unordered if all elements of this stream match the given predicate then this operation drops all elements (the result is an empty stream), or if no elements of the stream match the given predicate then no elements are dropped (the result is the same as the input).
This is a stateful intermediate operation.
dropWhile()
is generally a cheap operation on sequential stream pipelines, it can be quite expensive on ordered parallel pipelines, since the operation is constrained to return not just any valid prefix, but the longest prefix of elements in the encounter order. Using an unordered stream source (such as generate(DoubleSupplier)
) or removing the ordering constraint with BaseStream.unordered()
may result in significant speedups of dropWhile()
in parallel pipelines, if the semantics of your situation permit. If consistency with encounter order is required, and you are experiencing poor performance or memory utilization with dropWhile()
in parallel pipelines, switching to sequential execution with BaseStream.sequential()
may improve performance.spliterator
of this stream, wraps that spliterator so as to support the semantics of this operation on traversal, and returns a new stream associated with the wrapped spliterator. The returned stream preserves the execution characteristics of this stream (namely parallel or sequential execution as per BaseStream.isParallel()
) but the wrapped spliterator may choose to not support splitting. When the returned stream is closed, the close handlers for both the returned and this stream are invoked.predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to elements to determine the longest prefix of elements.void forEach(DoubleConsumer action)
This is a terminal operation.
For parallel stream pipelines, this operation does not guarantee to respect the encounter order of the stream, as doing so would sacrifice the benefit of parallelism. For any given element, the action may be performed at whatever time and in whatever thread the library chooses. If the action accesses shared state, it is responsible for providing the required synchronization.
action
- a non-interfering action to perform on the elementsvoid forEachOrdered(DoubleConsumer action)
This is a terminal operation.
action
- a non-interfering action to perform on the elementsdouble[] toArray()
This is a terminal operation.
double reduce(double identity, DoubleBinaryOperator op)
double result = identity;
for (double element : this stream)
result = accumulator.applyAsDouble(result, element)
return result;
but is not constrained to execute sequentially. The identity
value must be an identity for the accumulator function. This means that for all x
, accumulator.apply(identity, x)
is equal to x
. The accumulator
function must be an associative function.
This is a terminal operation.
double sum = numbers.reduce(0, (a, b) -> a+b);
or more compactly:
double sum = numbers.reduce(0, Double::sum);
While this may seem a more roundabout way to perform an aggregation compared to simply mutating a running total in a loop, reduction operations parallelize more gracefully, without needing additional synchronization and with greatly reduced risk of data races.
identity
- the identity value for the accumulating functionop
- an associative, non-interfering, stateless function for combining two valuesOptionalDouble reduce(DoubleBinaryOperator op)
OptionalDouble
describing the reduced value, if any. This is equivalent to:
boolean foundAny = false;
double result = null;
for (double element : this stream) {
if (!foundAny) {
foundAny = true;
result = element;
}
else
result = accumulator.applyAsDouble(result, element);
}
return foundAny ? OptionalDouble.of(result) : OptionalDouble.empty();
but is not constrained to execute sequentially. The accumulator
function must be an associative function.
This is a terminal operation.
op
- an associative, non-interfering, stateless function for combining two values<R> R collect(Supplier<R> supplier, ObjDoubleConsumer<R> accumulator, BiConsumer<R,R> combiner)
ArrayList
, and elements are incorporated by updating the state of the result rather than by replacing the result. This produces a result equivalent to:
R result = supplier.get();
for (double element : this stream)
accumulator.accept(result, element);
return result;
Like reduce(double, DoubleBinaryOperator)
, collect
operations can be parallelized without requiring additional synchronization.
This is a terminal operation.
R
- the type of the mutable result containersupplier
- a function that creates a new mutable result container. For a parallel execution, this function may be called multiple times and must return a fresh value each time.accumulator
- an associative, non-interfering, stateless function that must fold an element into a result container.combiner
- an associative, non-interfering, stateless function that accepts two partial result containers and merges them, which must be compatible with the accumulator function. The combiner function must fold the elements from the second result container into the first result container.double sum()
return reduce(0, Double::sum);
However, since floating-point summation is not exact, the above code is not necessarily equivalent to the summation computation done by this method. The value of a floating-point sum is a function both of the input values as well as the order of addition operations. The order of addition operations of this method is intentionally not defined to allow for implementation flexibility to improve the speed and accuracy of the computed result. In particular, this method may be implemented using compensated summation or other technique to reduce the error bound in the numerical sum compared to a simple summation of double
values. Because of the unspecified order of operations and the possibility of using differing summation schemes, the output of this method may vary on the same input elements.
Various conditions can result in a non-finite sum being computed. This can occur even if the all the elements being summed are finite. If any element is non-finite, the sum will be non-finite:
This is a terminal operation.
OptionalDouble min()
OptionalDouble
describing the minimum element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if this stream is empty. The minimum element will be Double.NaN
if any stream element was NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:
return reduce(Double::min);
This is a terminal operation.
OptionalDouble
containing the minimum element of this stream, or an empty optional if the stream is emptyOptionalDouble max()
OptionalDouble
describing the maximum element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble if this stream is empty. The maximum element will be Double.NaN
if any stream element was NaN. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:
return reduce(Double::max);
This is a terminal operation.
OptionalDouble
containing the maximum element of this stream, or an empty optional if the stream is emptylong count()
return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();
This is a terminal operation.
DoubleStream s = DoubleStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4);
long count = s.peek(System.out::println).count();
The number of elements covered by the stream source is known and the intermediate operation, peek
, does not inject into or remove elements from the stream (as may be the case for flatMap
or filter
operations). Thus the count is 4 and there is no need to execute the pipeline and, as a side-effect, print out the elements.OptionalDouble average()
OptionalDouble
describing the arithmetic mean of elements of this stream, or an empty optional if this stream is empty. The computed average can vary numerically and have the special case behavior as computing the sum; see sum()
for details.
The average is a special case of a reduction.
This is a terminal operation.
OptionalDouble
containing the average element of this stream, or an empty optional if the stream is emptyDoubleSummaryStatistics summaryStatistics()
DoubleSummaryStatistics
describing various summary data about the elements of this stream. This is a special case of a reduction. This is a terminal operation.
DoubleSummaryStatistics
describing various summary data about the elements of this streamboolean anyMatch(DoublePredicate predicate)
false
is returned and the predicate is not evaluated. This is a short-circuiting terminal operation.
predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to elements of this streamtrue
if any elements of the stream match the provided predicate, otherwise false
boolean allMatch(DoublePredicate predicate)
true
is returned and the predicate is not evaluated. This is a short-circuiting terminal operation.
true
(regardless of P(x)).predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to elements of this streamtrue
if either all elements of the stream match the provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise false
boolean noneMatch(DoublePredicate predicate)
true
is returned and the predicate is not evaluated. This is a short-circuiting terminal operation.
true
, regardless of P(x).predicate
- a non-interfering, stateless predicate to apply to elements of this streamtrue
if either no elements of the stream match the provided predicate or the stream is empty, otherwise false
OptionalDouble findFirst()
OptionalDouble
describing the first element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble
if the stream is empty. If the stream has no encounter order, then any element may be returned. This is a short-circuiting terminal operation.
OptionalDouble
describing the first element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble
if the stream is emptyOptionalDouble findAny()
OptionalDouble
describing some element of the stream, or an empty OptionalDouble
if the stream is empty. This is a short-circuiting terminal operation.
The behavior of this operation is explicitly nondeterministic; it is free to select any element in the stream. This is to allow for maximal performance in parallel operations; the cost is that multiple invocations on the same source may not return the same result. (If a stable result is desired, use findFirst()
instead.)
OptionalDouble
describing some element of this stream, or an empty OptionalDouble
if the stream is emptyStream<Double> boxed()
Stream
consisting of the elements of this stream, boxed to Double
. This is an intermediate operation.
Stream
consistent of the elements of this stream, each boxed to a Double
static DoubleStream.Builder builder()
DoubleStream
.static DoubleStream empty()
DoubleStream
.static DoubleStream of(double t)
DoubleStream
containing a single element.t
- the single elementstatic DoubleStream of(double... values)
values
- the elements of the new streamstatic DoubleStream iterate(double seed, DoubleUnaryOperator f)
DoubleStream
produced by iterative application of a function f
to an initial element seed
, producing a Stream
consisting of seed
, f(seed)
, f(f(seed))
, etc. The first element (position 0
) in the DoubleStream
will be the provided seed
. For n > 0
, the element at position n
, will be the result of applying the function f
to the element at position n - 1
.
The action of applying f
for one element happens-before the action of applying f
for subsequent elements. For any given element the action may be performed in whatever thread the library chooses.
seed
- the initial elementf
- a function to be applied to the previous element to produce a new elementDoubleStream
static DoubleStream iterate(double seed, DoublePredicate hasNext, DoubleUnaryOperator next)
DoubleStream
produced by iterative application of the given next
function to an initial element, conditioned on satisfying the given hasNext
predicate. The stream terminates as soon as the hasNext
predicate returns false. DoubleStream.iterate
should produce the same sequence of elements as produced by the corresponding for-loop:
for (double index=seed; hasNext.test(index); index = next.applyAsDouble(index)) {
...
}
The resulting sequence may be empty if the hasNext
predicate does not hold on the seed value. Otherwise the first element will be the supplied seed
value, the next element (if present) will be the result of applying the next
function to the seed
value, and so on iteratively until the hasNext
predicate indicates that the stream should terminate.
The action of applying the hasNext
predicate to an element happens-before the action of applying the next
function to that element. The action of applying the next
function for one element happens-before the action of applying the hasNext
predicate for subsequent elements. For any given element an action may be performed in whatever thread the library chooses.
seed
- the initial elementhasNext
- a predicate to apply to elements to determine when the stream must terminate.next
- a function to be applied to the previous element to produce a new elementDoubleStream
static DoubleStream generate(DoubleSupplier s)
DoubleSupplier
. This is suitable for generating constant streams, streams of random elements, etc.s
- the DoubleSupplier
for generated elementsDoubleStream
static DoubleStream concat(DoubleStream a, DoubleStream b)
This method operates on the two input streams and binds each stream to its source. As a result subsequent modifications to an input stream source may not be reflected in the concatenated stream result.
DoubleStream concat = Stream.of(s1, s2, s3, s4).flatMapToDouble(s -> s);
StackOverflowError
.a
- the first streamb
- the second stream
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Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2, with the Classpath Exception.
Various third party code in OpenJDK is licensed under different licenses (see Debian package).
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https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/java/util/stream/DoubleStream.html