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Class CipherSpi

java.lang.Object

javax.crypto.CipherSpi

public abstract class CipherSpi extends Object

This class defines the Service Provider Interface (SPI) for the Cipher class. All the abstract methods in this class must be implemented by each cryptographic service provider who wishes to supply the implementation of a particular cipher algorithm.

In order to create an instance of Cipher, which encapsulates an instance of this CipherSpi class, an application calls one of the getInstance factory methods of the Cipher engine class and specifies the requested transformation. Optionally, the application may also specify the name of a provider.

A transformation is a string that describes the operation (or set of operations) to be performed on the given input, to produce some output. A transformation always includes the name of a cryptographic algorithm (e.g., AES), and may be followed by a feedback mode and padding scheme.

A transformation is of the form:

"algorithm/mode/padding" or
"algorithm"

(in the latter case, provider-specific default values for the mode and padding scheme are used). For example, the following is a valid transformation:

     Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

A provider may supply a separate class for each combination of algorithm/mode/padding, or may decide to provide more generic classes representing sub-transformations corresponding to algorithm or algorithm/mode or algorithm//padding (note the double slashes), in which case the requested mode and/or padding are set automatically by the getInstance methods of Cipher, which invoke the engineSetMode and engineSetPadding methods of the provider's subclass of CipherSpi.

A Cipher property in a provider master class may have one of the following formats:

     // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with
     // pluggable mode and padding
     Cipher.algName

     // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" in the
     // specified "mode", with pluggable padding
     Cipher.algName/mode

     // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with the
     // specified "padding", with pluggable mode
     Cipher.algName//padding

     // provider's subclass of "CipherSpi" implements "algName" with the
     // specified "mode" and "padding"
     Cipher.algName/mode/padding

For example, a provider may supply a subclass of CipherSpi that implements AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding, one that implements AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding, one that implements AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding, and yet another one that implements AES/OFB/PKCS5Padding. That provider would have the following Cipher properties in its master class:

```
     Cipher.AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding
 
```
```
     Cipher.AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding
 
```
```
     Cipher.AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding
 
```
```
     Cipher.AES/OFB/PKCS5Padding
 
```

Another provider may implement a class for each of the above modes (i.e., one class for ECB, one for CBC, one for CFB, and one for OFB), one class for PKCS5Padding, and a generic AES class that subclasses from CipherSpi. That provider would have the following Cipher properties in its master class:

```
     Cipher.AES
 
```

The getInstance factory method of the Cipher engine class follows these rules in order to instantiate a provider's implementation of CipherSpi for a transformation of the form "algorithm":

Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the specified "algorithm".
If the answer is YES, instantiate this class, for whose mode and padding scheme default values (as supplied by the provider) are used.

If the answer is NO, throw a NoSuchAlgorithmException exception.

The getInstance factory method of the Cipher engine class follows these rules in order to instantiate a provider's implementation of CipherSpi for a transformation of the form "algorithm/mode/padding":

Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the specified "algorithm/mode/padding" transformation.
If the answer is YES, instantiate it.

If the answer is NO, go to the next step.
Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm/mode".
If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetPadding(padding) on the new instance.

If the answer is NO, go to the next step.
Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm//padding" (note the double slashes).
If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetMode(mode) on the new instance.

If the answer is NO, go to the next step.
Check if the provider has registered a subclass of CipherSpi for the sub-transformation "algorithm".
If the answer is YES, instantiate it, and call engineSetMode(mode) and engineSetPadding(padding) on the new instance.

If the answer is NO, throw a NoSuchAlgorithmException exception.

Since:

1.4

See Also:

Constructor Summary

Constructor	Description
`CipherSpi()`	Constructor for subclasses to call.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`protected abstract byte[]`	`engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)`	Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
`protected abstract int`	`engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)`	Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
`protected int`	`engineDoFinal(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)`	Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation.
`protected abstract int`	`engineGetBlockSize()`	Returns the block size (in bytes).
`protected abstract byte[]`	`engineGetIV()`	Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.
`protected int`	`engineGetKeySize(Key key)`	Returns the key size of the given key object in bits.
`protected abstract int`	`engineGetOutputSize(int inputLen)`	Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next `update` or `doFinal` operation, given the input length `inputLen` (in bytes).
`protected abstract AlgorithmParameters`	`engineGetParameters()`	Returns the parameters used with this cipher.
`protected abstract void`	`engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random)`	Initializes this `CipherSpi` object with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
`protected abstract void`	`engineInit(int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random)`	Initializes this `CipherSpi` object with a key and a source of randomness.
`protected abstract void`	`engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random)`	Initializes this `CipherSpi` object with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.
`protected abstract void`	`engineSetMode(String mode)`	Sets the mode of this cipher.
`protected abstract void`	`engineSetPadding(String padding)`	Sets the padding mechanism of this cipher.
`protected Key`	`engineUnwrap(byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType)`	Unwrap a previously wrapped key.
`protected abstract byte[]`	`engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)`	Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this `CipherSpi` object was initialized), processing another data part.
`protected abstract int`	`engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset)`	Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this `CipherSpi` object was initialized), processing another data part.
`protected int`	`engineUpdate(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output)`	Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this `CipherSpi` object was initialized), processing another data part.
`protected void`	`engineUpdateAAD(byte[] src, int offset, int len)`	Continues a multipart update of the Additional Authentication Data (AAD), using a subset of the provided buffer.
`protected void`	`engineUpdateAAD(ByteBuffer src)`	Continues a multipart update of the Additional Authentication Data (AAD).
`protected byte[]`	`engineWrap(Key key)`	Wrap a key.

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Details

CipherSpi

public CipherSpi()

Constructor for subclasses to call.

Method Details

engineSetMode

protected abstract void engineSetMode(String mode) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException

Sets the mode of this cipher.

Parameters:: mode - the cipher mode
Throws:: NoSuchAlgorithmException - if the requested cipher mode does not exist

engineSetPadding

protected abstract void engineSetPadding(String padding) throws NoSuchPaddingException

Sets the padding mechanism of this cipher.

Parameters:: padding - the padding mechanism
Throws:: NoSuchPaddingException - if the requested padding mechanism does not exist

engineGetBlockSize

protected abstract int engineGetBlockSize()

Returns the block size (in bytes).

Returns:: the block size (in bytes), or 0 if the algorithm is not a block cipher

engineGetOutputSize

protected abstract int engineGetOutputSize(int inputLen)

Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in order to hold the result of the next update or doFinal operation, given the input length inputLen (in bytes).

This call takes into account any unprocessed (buffered) data from a previous update call, padding, and AEAD tagging.

The actual output length of the next update or doFinal call may be smaller than the length returned by this method.

Parameters:: inputLen - the input length (in bytes)
Returns:: the required output buffer size (in bytes)

engineGetIV

protected abstract byte[] engineGetIV()

Returns the initialization vector (IV) in a new buffer.

This is useful in the context of password-based encryption or decryption, where the IV is derived from a user-provided passphrase.

Returns:: the initialization vector in a new buffer, or null if the algorithm does not use an IV, or if the IV has not yet been set

engineGetParameters

protected abstract AlgorithmParameters engineGetParameters()

Returns the parameters used with this cipher.

The returned parameters may be the same that were used to initialize this cipher, or may contain additional default or random parameter values used by the underlying cipher implementation. If the required parameters were not supplied and can be generated by the cipher, the generated parameters are returned. Otherwise, null is returned.

Returns:: the parameters used with this cipher, or null

engineInit

protected abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, SecureRandom random) throws InvalidKeyException

Initializes this CipherSpi object with a key and a source of randomness.

The CipherSpi object is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the given key, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidKeyException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using engineGetParameters or engineGetIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher requires algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the input parameters, and there are no reasonable provider-specific default values, initialization will necessarily fail.

If this cipher (including its feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Note that when a CipherSpi object is initialized, it loses all previously-acquired state. In other words, initializing a CipherSpi object is equivalent to creating a new instance of that CipherSpi object and initializing it.

Parameters:: opmode - the operation mode of this CipherSpi object (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE); key - the encryption key; random - the source of randomness
Throws:: InvalidKeyException - if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher, or requires algorithm parameters that cannot be determined from the given key; UnsupportedOperationException - if opmode is WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE is not implemented by the cipher

engineInit

protected abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random) throws InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException

Initializes this CipherSpi object with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The CipherSpi object is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires any algorithm parameters and params is null, the underlying cipher implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific default or random values) if it is being initialized for encryption or key wrapping, and raise an InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if it is being initialized for decryption or key unwrapping. The generated parameters can be retrieved using engineGetParameters or engineGetIV (if the parameter is an IV).

If this cipher requires algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the input parameters, and there are no reasonable provider-specific default values, initialization will necessarily fail.

If this cipher (including its feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Parameters:: opmode - the operation mode of this CipherSpi object (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE, or UNWRAP_MODE); key - the encryption key; params - the algorithm parameters; random - the source of randomness
Throws:: InvalidKeyException - if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher; InvalidAlgorithmParameterException - if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or if this cipher requires algorithm parameters and params is null; UnsupportedOperationException - if opmode is WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE is not implemented by the cipher

engineInit

protected abstract void engineInit(int opmode, Key key, AlgorithmParameters params, SecureRandom random) throws InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException

Initializes this CipherSpi object with a key, a set of algorithm parameters, and a source of randomness.

The CipherSpi object is initialized for one of the following four operations: encryption, decryption, key wrapping or key unwrapping, depending on the value of opmode.

If this cipher requires algorithm parameters that cannot be derived from the input parameters, and there are no reasonable provider-specific default values, initialization will necessarily fail.

If this cipher (including its feedback or padding scheme) requires any random bytes (e.g., for parameter generation), it will get them from random.

Parameters:: opmode - the operation mode of this CipherSpi object (this is one of the following: ENCRYPT_MODE, DECRYPT_MODE, WRAP_MODE, or UNWRAP_MODE); key - the encryption key; params - the algorithm parameters; random - the source of randomness
Throws:: InvalidKeyException - if the given key is inappropriate for initializing this cipher; InvalidAlgorithmParameterException - if the given algorithm parameters are inappropriate for this cipher, or if this cipher requires algorithm parameters and params is null; UnsupportedOperationException - if opmode is WRAP_MODE or UNWRAP_MODE is not implemented by the cipher

engineUpdate

protected abstract byte[] engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen)

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in a new buffer.

Parameters:: input - the input buffer; inputOffset - the offset in input where the input starts; inputLen - the input length
Returns:: the new buffer with the result, or null if the cipher is a block cipher and the input data is too short to result in a new block

engineUpdate

protected abstract int engineUpdate(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset) throws ShortBufferException

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized), processing another data part.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, are processed, and the result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Parameters:: input - the input buffer; inputOffset - the offset in input where the input starts; inputLen - the input length; output - the buffer for the result; outputOffset - the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns:: the number of bytes stored in output
Throws:: ShortBufferException - if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result

engineUpdate

protected int engineUpdate(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output) throws ShortBufferException

Continues a multiple-part encryption or decryption operation (depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized), processing another data part.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Subclasses should consider overriding this method if they can process ByteBuffers more efficiently than byte arrays.

Parameters:: input - the input ByteBuffer; output - the output ByteBuffer
Returns:: the number of bytes stored in output
Throws:: ShortBufferException - if there is insufficient space in the output buffer; NullPointerException - if either parameter is null
Since:: 1.5

engineDoFinal

protected abstract byte[] engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. If an AEAD mode (such as GCM or CCM) is being used, the authentication tag is appended in the case of encryption, or verified in the case of decryption. The result is stored in a new buffer.

Upon finishing, this method resets this CipherSpi object to the state it was in when previously initialized via a call to engineInit. That is, the object is reset and available to encrypt or decrypt (depending on the operation mode that was specified in the call to engineInit) more data.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this CipherSpi object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters:: input - the input buffer; inputOffset - the offset in input where the input starts; inputLen - the input length
Returns:: the new buffer with the result
Throws:: IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided; BadPaddingException - if this CipherSpi object is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes; AEADBadTagException - if this CipherSpi object is decrypting in an AEAD mode (such as GCM or CCM), and the received authentication tag does not match the calculated value

engineDoFinal

protected abstract int engineDoFinal(byte[] input, int inputOffset, int inputLen, byte[] output, int outputOffset) throws ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized.

The first inputLen bytes in the input buffer, starting at inputOffset inclusive, and any input bytes that may have been buffered during a previous update operation, are processed, with padding (if requested) being applied. If an AEAD mode such as GCM or CCM is being used, the authentication tag is appended in the case of encryption, or verified in the case of decryption. The result is stored in the output buffer, starting at outputOffset inclusive.

If the output buffer is too small to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this CipherSpi object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Parameters:: input - the input buffer; inputOffset - the offset in input where the input starts; inputLen - the input length; output - the buffer for the result; outputOffset - the offset in output where the result is stored
Returns:: the number of bytes stored in output
Throws:: IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided; ShortBufferException - if the given output buffer is too small to hold the result; BadPaddingException - if this CipherSpi object is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes; AEADBadTagException - if this CipherSpi object is decrypting in an AEAD mode (such as GCM or CCM), and the received authentication tag does not match the calculated value

engineDoFinal

protected int engineDoFinal(ByteBuffer input, ByteBuffer output) throws ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException

Encrypts or decrypts data in a single-part operation, or finishes a multiple-part operation. The data is encrypted or decrypted, depending on how this CipherSpi object was initialized.

All input.remaining() bytes starting at input.position() are processed. If an AEAD mode such as GCM or CCM is being used, the authentication tag is appended in the case of encryption, or verified in the case of decryption. The result is stored in the output buffer. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed. The output buffer's position will have advanced by n, where n is the value returned by this method; the output buffer's limit will not have changed.

If output.remaining() bytes are insufficient to hold the result, a ShortBufferException is thrown.

Note: if any exception is thrown, this CipherSpi object may need to be reset before it can be used again.

Subclasses should consider overriding this method if they can process ByteBuffers more efficiently than byte arrays.

Parameters:: input - the input ByteBuffer; output - the output ByteBuffer
Returns:: the number of bytes stored in output
Throws:: IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested (only in encryption mode), and the total input length of the data processed by this cipher is not a multiple of block size; or if this encryption algorithm is unable to process the input data provided; ShortBufferException - if there is insufficient space in the output buffer; BadPaddingException - if this CipherSpi object is in decryption mode, and (un)padding has been requested, but the decrypted data is not bounded by the appropriate padding bytes; AEADBadTagException - if this CipherSpi object is decrypting in an AEAD mode (such as GCM or CCM), and the received authentication tag does not match the calculated value; NullPointerException - if either parameter is null
Since:: 1.5

engineWrap

protected byte[] engineWrap(Key key) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidKeyException

Wrap a key.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. (For backwards compatibility, it cannot be abstract.) It may be overridden by a provider to wrap a key. Such an override is expected to throw an IllegalBlockSizeException or InvalidKeyException (under the specified circumstances), if the given key cannot be wrapped. If this method is not overridden, it always throws an UnsupportedOperationException.

Parameters:: key - the key to be wrapped
Returns:: the wrapped key
Throws:: IllegalBlockSizeException - if this cipher is a block cipher, no padding has been requested, and the length of the encoding of the key to be wrapped is not a multiple of the block size; InvalidKeyException - if it is impossible or unsafe to wrap the key with this cipher (e.g., a hardware protected key is being passed to a software-only cipher); UnsupportedOperationException - if this method is not supported

engineUnwrap

protected Key engineUnwrap(byte[] wrappedKey, String wrappedKeyAlgorithm, int wrappedKeyType) throws InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException

Unwrap a previously wrapped key.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. (For backwards compatibility, it cannot be abstract.) It may be overridden by a provider to unwrap a previously wrapped key. Such an override is expected to throw an InvalidKeyException if the given wrapped key cannot be unwrapped. If this method is not overridden, it always throws an UnsupportedOperationException.

Parameters:: wrappedKey - the key to be unwrapped; wrappedKeyAlgorithm - the algorithm associated with the wrapped key; wrappedKeyType - the type of the wrapped key. This is one of SECRET_KEY, PRIVATE_KEY, or PUBLIC_KEY.
Returns:: the unwrapped key
Throws:: NoSuchAlgorithmException - if no installed providers can create keys of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm; InvalidKeyException - if wrappedKey does not represent a wrapped key of type wrappedKeyType for the wrappedKeyAlgorithm; UnsupportedOperationException - if this method is not supported

engineGetKeySize

protected int engineGetKeySize(Key key) throws InvalidKeyException

Returns the key size of the given key object in bits.

This concrete method has been added to this previously-defined abstract class. It throws an UnsupportedOperationException if it is not overridden by the provider.

Parameters:: key - the key object
Returns:: the key size of the given key object
Throws:: InvalidKeyException - if key is invalid

engineUpdateAAD

protected void engineUpdateAAD(byte[] src, int offset, int len)

Continues a multipart update of the Additional Authentication Data (AAD), using a subset of the provided buffer.

Calls to this method provide AAD to the cipher when operating in modes such as AEAD (GCM or CCM). If this cipher is operating in either GCM or CCM mode, all AAD must be supplied before beginning operations on the ciphertext (via the update and doFinal methods).

Parameters:: src - the buffer containing the AAD; offset - the offset in src where the AAD input starts; len - the number of AAD bytes
Throws:: IllegalStateException - if this CipherSpi object is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized), does not accept AAD, or if operating in either GCM or CCM mode and one of the update methods has already been called for the active encryption/decryption operation; UnsupportedOperationException - if this method has not been overridden by an implementation
Since:: 1.7

engineUpdateAAD

protected void engineUpdateAAD(ByteBuffer src)

Continues a multipart update of the Additional Authentication Data (AAD).

All src.remaining() bytes starting at src.position() are processed. Upon return, the input buffer's position will be equal to its limit; its limit will not have changed.

Parameters:: src - the buffer containing the AAD
Throws:: IllegalStateException - if this CipherSpi object is in a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized), does not accept AAD, or if operating in either GCM or CCM mode and one of the update methods has already been called for the active encryption/decryption operation; UnsupportedOperationException - if this method has not been overridden by an implementation
Since:: 1.7

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https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/javax/crypto/CipherSpi.html