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Class HttpsURLConnection

java.lang.Object

java.net.URLConnection

java.net.HttpURLConnection

javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection

public abstract class HttpsURLConnection extends HttpURLConnection

HttpsURLConnection extends HttpURLConnection with support for https-specific features.

See http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/ and RFC 2818 for more details on the https specification.

This class uses HostnameVerifier and SSLSocketFactory. There are default implementations defined for both classes. However, the implementations can be replaced on a per-class (static) or per-instance basis. All new HttpsURLConnections instances will be assigned the "default" static values at instance creation, but they can be overridden by calling the appropriate per-instance set method(s) before connecting.

Since:: 1.4

Field Summary

Modifier and Type	Field	Description
`protected HostnameVerifier`	`hostnameVerifier`	The `hostnameVerifier` for this object.

Fields declared in class java.net.HttpURLConnection

chunkLength, fixedContentLength, fixedContentLengthLong, HTTP_ACCEPTED, HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY, HTTP_BAD_METHOD, HTTP_BAD_REQUEST, HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT, HTTP_CONFLICT, HTTP_CREATED, HTTP_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE, HTTP_FORBIDDEN, HTTP_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT, HTTP_GONE, HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR, HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED, HTTP_MOVED_PERM, HTTP_MOVED_TEMP, HTTP_MULT_CHOICE, HTTP_NO_CONTENT, HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE, HTTP_NOT_AUTHORITATIVE, HTTP_NOT_FOUND, HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED, HTTP_OK, HTTP_PARTIAL, HTTP_PAYMENT_REQUIRED, HTTP_PRECON_FAILED, HTTP_PROXY_AUTH, HTTP_REQ_TOO_LONG, HTTP_RESET, HTTP_SEE_OTHER, HTTP_SERVER_ERROR, HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_UNAVAILABLE, HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE, HTTP_USE_PROXY, HTTP_VERSION, instanceFollowRedirects, method, responseCode, responseMessage

Fields declared in class java.net.URLConnection

allowUserInteraction, connected, doInput, doOutput, ifModifiedSince, url, useCaches

Constructor Summary

HttpsURLConnection(URL url)

Modifier	Constructor	Description
`protected`	Creates an `HttpsURLConnection` using the URL specified.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`abstract String`	`getCipherSuite()`	Returns the cipher suite in use on this connection.
`static HostnameVerifier`	`getDefaultHostnameVerifier()`	Gets the default `HostnameVerifier` that is inherited by new instances of this class.
`static SSLSocketFactory`	`getDefaultSSLSocketFactory()`	Gets the default static `SSLSocketFactory` that is inherited by new instances of this class.
`HostnameVerifier`	`getHostnameVerifier()`	Gets the `HostnameVerifier` in place on this instance.
`abstract Certificate[]`	`getLocalCertificates()`	Returns the certificate(s) that were sent to the server during handshaking.
`Principal`	`getLocalPrincipal()`	Returns the principal that was sent to the server during handshaking.
`Principal`	`getPeerPrincipal()`	Returns the server's principal which was established as part of defining the session.
`abstract Certificate[]`	`getServerCertificates()`	Returns the server's certificate chain which was established as part of defining the session.
`Optional<SSLSession>`	`getSSLSession()`	Returns an `Optional` containing the `SSLSession` in use on this connection.
`SSLSocketFactory`	`getSSLSocketFactory()`	Gets the SSL socket factory to be used when creating sockets for secure https URL connections.
`static void`	`setDefaultHostnameVerifier(HostnameVerifier v)`	Sets the default `HostnameVerifier` inherited by a new instance of this class.
`static void`	`setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory sf)`	Sets the default `SSLSocketFactory` inherited by new instances of this class.
`void`	`setHostnameVerifier(HostnameVerifier v)`	Sets the `HostnameVerifier` for this instance.
`void`	`setSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory sf)`	Sets the `SSLSocketFactory` to be used when this instance creates sockets for secure https URL connections.

Methods declared in class java.net.HttpURLConnection

disconnect, getErrorStream, getFollowRedirects, getHeaderField, getHeaderFieldKey, getInstanceFollowRedirects, getPermission, getRequestMethod, getResponseCode, getResponseMessage, setAuthenticator, setChunkedStreamingMode, setFixedLengthStreamingMode, setFixedLengthStreamingMode, setFollowRedirects, setInstanceFollowRedirects, setRequestMethod, usingProxy

Methods declared in class java.net.URLConnection

addRequestProperty, connect, getAllowUserInteraction, getConnectTimeout, getContent, getContent, getContentEncoding, getContentLength, getContentLengthLong, getContentType, getDate, getDefaultAllowUserInteraction, getDefaultRequestProperty, getDefaultUseCaches, getDefaultUseCaches, getDoInput, getDoOutput, getExpiration, getFileNameMap, getHeaderField, getHeaderFieldDate, getHeaderFieldInt, getHeaderFieldLong, getHeaderFields, getIfModifiedSince, getInputStream, getLastModified, getOutputStream, getReadTimeout, getRequestProperties, getRequestProperty, getURL, getUseCaches, guessContentTypeFromName, guessContentTypeFromStream, setAllowUserInteraction, setConnectTimeout, setContentHandlerFactory, setDefaultAllowUserInteraction, setDefaultRequestProperty, setDefaultUseCaches, setDefaultUseCaches, setDoInput, setDoOutput, setFileNameMap, setIfModifiedSince, setReadTimeout, setRequestProperty, setUseCaches, toString

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Details

hostnameVerifier

protected HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier

The hostnameVerifier for this object.

Constructor Details

HttpsURLConnection

protected HttpsURLConnection(URL url)

Creates an HttpsURLConnection using the URL specified.

Parameters:: url - the URL

Method Details

getCipherSuite

public abstract String getCipherSuite()

Returns the cipher suite in use on this connection.

Returns:: the cipher suite
Throws:: IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established.

getLocalCertificates

public abstract Certificate[] getLocalCertificates()

Returns the certificate(s) that were sent to the server during handshaking.

Note: This method is useful only when using certificate-based cipher suites.

When multiple certificates are available for use in a handshake, the implementation chooses what it considers the "best" certificate chain available, and transmits that to the other side. This method allows the caller to know which certificate chain was actually sent.

Returns:

an ordered array of certificates, with the client's own certificate first followed by any certificate authorities. If no certificates were sent, then null is returned.

Throws:

IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established.

See Also:

getServerCertificates

public abstract Certificate[] getServerCertificates() throws SSLPeerUnverifiedException

Returns the server's certificate chain which was established as part of defining the session.

Note: This method can be used only when using certificate-based cipher suites; using it with non-certificate-based cipher suites, such as Kerberos, will throw an SSLPeerUnverifiedException.

Note: The returned value may not be a valid certificate chain and should not be relied on for trust decisions.

Returns:

an ordered array of server certificates, with the peer's own certificate first followed by any certificate authorities.

Throws:

SSLPeerUnverifiedException - if the peer is not verified.

IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established.

See Also:

getPeerPrincipal

public Principal getPeerPrincipal() throws SSLPeerUnverifiedException

Returns the server's principal which was established as part of defining the session.

Note: Subclasses should override this method. If not overridden, it will default to returning the X500Principal of the server's end-entity certificate for certificate-based ciphersuites, or throw an SSLPeerUnverifiedException for non-certificate based ciphersuites, such as Kerberos.

Returns:

the server's principal. Returns an X500Principal of the end-entity certificate for X509-based cipher suites, and KerberosPrincipal for Kerberos cipher suites.

Throws:

SSLPeerUnverifiedException - if the peer was not verified

IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established.

Since:

1.5

See Also:

getLocalPrincipal

public Principal getLocalPrincipal()

Returns the principal that was sent to the server during handshaking.

Note: Subclasses should override this method. If not overridden, it will default to returning the X500Principal of the end-entity certificate that was sent to the server for certificate-based ciphersuites or, return null for non-certificate based ciphersuites, such as Kerberos.

Returns:

the principal sent to the server. Returns an X500Principal of the end-entity certificate for X509-based cipher suites, and KerberosPrincipal for Kerberos cipher suites. If no principal was sent, then null is returned.

Throws:

IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established.

Since:

1.5

See Also:

setDefaultHostnameVerifier

public static void setDefaultHostnameVerifier(HostnameVerifier v)

Sets the default HostnameVerifier inherited by a new instance of this class.

If this method is not called, the default HostnameVerifier assumes the connection should not be permitted.

Parameters:

v - the default host name verifier

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the HostnameVerifier parameter is null.

SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method does not allow SSLPermission("setHostnameVerifier")

See Also:

getDefaultHostnameVerifier

public static HostnameVerifier getDefaultHostnameVerifier()

Gets the default HostnameVerifier that is inherited by new instances of this class.

Returns:

the default host name verifier

See Also:

setHostnameVerifier

public void setHostnameVerifier(HostnameVerifier v)

Sets the HostnameVerifier for this instance.

New instances of this class inherit the default static hostname verifier set by setDefaultHostnameVerifier. Calls to this method replace this object's HostnameVerifier.

Parameters:

v - the host name verifier

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the HostnameVerifier parameter is null.

See Also:

getHostnameVerifier

public HostnameVerifier getHostnameVerifier()

Gets the HostnameVerifier in place on this instance.

Returns:

the host name verifier

See Also:

setDefaultSSLSocketFactory

public static void setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory sf)

Sets the default SSLSocketFactory inherited by new instances of this class.

The socket factories are used when creating sockets for secure https URL connections.

Parameters:

sf - the default SSL socket factory

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the SSLSocketFactory parameter is null.

SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its checkSetFactory method does not allow a socket factory to be specified.

See Also:

getDefaultSSLSocketFactory

public static SSLSocketFactory getDefaultSSLSocketFactory()

Gets the default static SSLSocketFactory that is inherited by new instances of this class.

The socket factories are used when creating sockets for secure https URL connections.

Returns:

the default SSLSocketFactory

See Also:

setSSLSocketFactory

public void setSSLSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory sf)

Sets the SSLSocketFactory to be used when this instance creates sockets for secure https URL connections.

New instances of this class inherit the default static SSLSocketFactory set by setDefaultSSLSocketFactory. Calls to this method replace this object's SSLSocketFactory.

Parameters:

sf - the SSL socket factory

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the SSLSocketFactory parameter is null.

SecurityException - if a security manager exists and its checkSetFactory method does not allow a socket factory to be specified.

See Also:

getSSLSocketFactory

public SSLSocketFactory getSSLSocketFactory()

Gets the SSL socket factory to be used when creating sockets for secure https URL connections.

Returns:

the SSLSocketFactory

See Also:

getSSLSession

public Optional<SSLSession> getSSLSession()

Returns an Optional containing the SSLSession in use on this connection. Returns an empty Optional if the underlying implementation does not support this method.

Implementation Requirements:

For compatibility, the default implementation of this method returns an empty Optional. Subclasses should override this method with an appropriate implementation since an application may need to access additional parameters associated with the SSL session.

Returns:

an Optional containing the SSLSession in use on this connection.

Throws:

IllegalStateException - if this method is called before the connection has been established

Since:

See Also:

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https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/javax/net/ssl/HttpsURLConnection.html