pandas.DataFrame.to_dict

DataFrame.to_dict(orient='dict', *, into=<class 'dict'>, index=True)[source]

Convert the DataFrame to a dictionary.

The type of the key-value pairs can be customized with the parameters (see below).

Parameters:

orient:str {‘dict’, ‘list’, ‘series’, ‘split’, ‘tight’, ‘records’, ‘index’}

Determines the type of the values of the dictionary.

• ‘dict’ (default) : dict like {column -> {index -> value}}

• ‘list’ : dict like {column -> [values]}

• ‘series’ : dict like {column -> Series(values)}

• ‘split’ : dict like {‘index’ -> [index], ‘columns’ -> [columns], ‘data’ -> [values]}

• ‘tight’ : dict like {‘index’ -> [index], ‘columns’ -> [columns], ‘data’ -> [values], ‘index_names’ -> [index.names], ‘column_names’ -> [column.names]}

• ‘records’ : list like [{column -> value}, … , {column -> value}]

• ‘index’ : dict like {index -> {column -> value}}

Added in version 1.4.0: ‘tight’ as an allowed value for the orient argument

into:class, default dict

The collections.abc.MutableMapping subclass used for all Mappings in the return value. Can be the actual class or an empty instance of the mapping type you want. If you want a collections.defaultdict, you must pass it initialized.

index:bool, default True

Whether to include the index item (and index_names item if orient is ‘tight’) in the returned dictionary. Can only be False when orient is ‘split’ or ‘tight’.

Added in version 2.0.0.

Returns:

dict, list or collections.abc.MutableMapping

Return a collections.abc.MutableMapping object representing the DataFrame. The resulting transformation depends on the orient parameter.

See also

DataFrame.from_dict

Create a DataFrame from a dictionary.

DataFrame.to_json

Convert a DataFrame to JSON format.

Examples

>>> df = pd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2],
...                    'col2': [0.5, 0.75]},
...                   index=['row1', 'row2'])
>>> df
      col1  col2
row1     1  0.50
row2     2  0.75
>>> df.to_dict()
{'col1': {'row1': 1, 'row2': 2}, 'col2': {'row1': 0.5, 'row2': 0.75}}

You can specify the return orientation.

>>> df.to_dict('series')
{'col1': row1    1
         row2    2
Name: col1, dtype: int64,
'col2': row1    0.50
        row2    0.75
Name: col2, dtype: float64}

>>> df.to_dict('split')
{'index': ['row1', 'row2'], 'columns': ['col1', 'col2'],
 'data': [[1, 0.5], [2, 0.75]]}

>>> df.to_dict('records')
[{'col1': 1, 'col2': 0.5}, {'col1': 2, 'col2': 0.75}]

>>> df.to_dict('index')
{'row1': {'col1': 1, 'col2': 0.5}, 'row2': {'col1': 2, 'col2': 0.75}}

>>> df.to_dict('tight')
{'index': ['row1', 'row2'], 'columns': ['col1', 'col2'],
 'data': [[1, 0.5], [2, 0.75]], 'index_names': [None], 'column_names': [None]}

You can also specify the mapping type.

>>> from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
>>> df.to_dict(into=OrderedDict)
OrderedDict([('col1', OrderedDict([('row1', 1), ('row2', 2)])),
             ('col2', OrderedDict([('row1', 0.5), ('row2', 0.75)]))])

If you want a defaultdict, you need to initialize it:

>>> dd = defaultdict(list)
>>> df.to_dict('records', into=dd)
[defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'col1': 1, 'col2': 0.5}),
 defaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'col1': 2, 'col2': 0.75})]