(PHP 4 >= 4.0.3, PHP 5, PHP 7)
escapeshellarg — Escape a string to be used as a shell argument
escapeshellarg ( string $arg ) : string
escapeshellarg() adds single quotes around a string and quotes/escapes any existing single quotes allowing you to pass a string directly to a shell function and having it be treated as a single safe argument. This function should be used to escape individual arguments to shell functions coming from user input. The shell functions include exec(), system() and the backtick operator.
On Windows, escapeshellarg() instead replaces percent signs, exclamation marks (delayed variable substitution) and double quotes with spaces and adds double quotes around the string.
arg
The argument that will be escaped.
The escaped string.
Example #1 escapeshellarg() example
<?php
system('ls '.escapeshellarg($dir));
?>
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https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.escapeshellarg.php