The HTML representation of an image in rich text can be customised - for example, to display captions or custom fields.
To do this requires subclassing Format (see Image Formats in the Rich Text Editor), and overriding its image_to_html method.
You may then register formats of your subclass using register_image_format as usual.
# image_formats.py
from wagtail.images.formats import Format, register_image_format
class SubclassedImageFormat(Format):
    def image_to_html(self, image, alt_text, extra_attributes=None):
        custom_html = # the custom HTML representation of your image here
                        # in Format, the image's rendition.img_tag(extra_attributes) is used to generate the HTML
                        # representation
        return custom_html
register_image_format(
    SubclassedImageFormat('subclassed_format', 'Subclassed Format', classnames, filter_spec)
)
 As an example, let’s say you want the alt text to be displayed as a caption for the image as well:
# image_formats.py
from django.utils.html import format_html
from wagtail.images.formats import Format, register_image_format
class CaptionedImageFormat(Format):
    def image_to_html(self, image, alt_text, extra_attributes=None):
        default_html = super().image_to_html(image, alt_text, extra_attributes)
        return format_html("{}<figcaption>{}</figcaption>", default_html, alt_text)
register_image_format(
    CaptionedImageFormat('captioned_fullwidth', 'Full width captioned', 'bodytext-image', 'width-750')
)
 Note
Any custom HTML image features will not be displayed in the Draftail editor, only on the published page.
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All rights are reserved.
Licensed under the BSD License.
    https://docs.wagtail.org/en/stable/advanced_topics/images/changing_rich_text_representation.html