Source

File: wp-includes/category-template.php

function get_the_category_by_ID( $cat_ID ) { // phpcs:ignore WordPress.NamingConventions.ValidFunctionName.FunctionNameInvalid
	$cat_ID   = (int) $cat_ID;
	$category = get_term( $cat_ID );

	if ( is_wp_error( $category ) ) {
		return $category;
	}

	return ( $category ) ? $category->name : '';
}