DomSanitizer helps preventing Cross Site Scripting Security bugs (XSS) by sanitizing values to be safe to use in the different DOM contexts.

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Security risk

Calling any of the bypassSecurityTrust... APIs disables Angular's built-in sanitization for the value passed in. Carefully check and audit all values and code paths going into this call. Make sure any user data is appropriately escaped for this security context. For more detail, see the Security Guide.

abstract class DomSanitizer implements Sanitizer {
  abstract sanitize(context: SecurityContext, value: string | SafeValue): string | null
  abstract bypassSecurityTrustHtml(value: string): SafeHtml
  abstract bypassSecurityTrustStyle(value: string): SafeStyle
  abstract bypassSecurityTrustScript(value: string): SafeScript
  abstract bypassSecurityTrustUrl(value: string): SafeUrl
  abstract bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(value: string): SafeResourceUrl
}

Description

For example, when binding a URL in an <a [href]="someValue"> hyperlink, someValue will be sanitized so that an attacker cannot inject e.g. a javascript: URL that would execute code on the website.

In specific situations, it might be necessary to disable sanitization, for example if the application genuinely needs to produce a javascript: style link with a dynamic value in it. Users can bypass security by constructing a value with one of the bypassSecurityTrust... methods, and then binding to that value from the template.

These situations should be very rare, and extraordinary care must be taken to avoid creating a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) security bug!

When using bypassSecurityTrust..., make sure to call the method as early as possible and as close as possible to the source of the value, to make it easy to verify no security bug is created by its use.

It is not required (and not recommended) to bypass security if the value is safe, e.g. a URL that does not start with a suspicious protocol, or an HTML snippet that does not contain dangerous code. The sanitizer leaves safe values intact.

Methods

sanitize()
Sanitizes a value for use in the given SecurityContext.
abstract sanitize(context: SecurityContext, value: string | SafeValue): string | null Parameters context SecurityContext value string | SafeValue Returns string | null
If value is trusted for the context, this method will unwrap the contained safe value and use it directly. Otherwise, value will be sanitized to be safe in the given context, for example by replacing URLs that have an unsafe protocol part (such as javascript:). The implementation is responsible to make sure that the value can definitely be safely used in the given context.

bypassSecurityTrustHtml()
Bypass security and trust the given value to be safe HTML. Only use this when the bound HTML is unsafe (e.g. contains <script> tags) and the code should be executed. The sanitizer will leave safe HTML intact, so in most situations this method should not be used.
abstract bypassSecurityTrustHtml(value: string): SafeHtml Parameters value string Returns SafeHtml
WARNING: calling this method with untrusted user data exposes your application to XSS security risks!

bypassSecurityTrustStyle()
Bypass security and trust the given value to be safe style value (CSS).
abstract bypassSecurityTrustStyle(value: string): SafeStyle Parameters value string Returns SafeStyle
WARNING: calling this method with untrusted user data exposes your application to XSS security risks!

bypassSecurityTrustScript()
Bypass security and trust the given value to be safe JavaScript.
abstract bypassSecurityTrustScript(value: string): SafeScript Parameters value string Returns SafeScript
WARNING: calling this method with untrusted user data exposes your application to XSS security risks!

bypassSecurityTrustUrl()
Bypass security and trust the given value to be a safe style URL, i.e. a value that can be used in hyperlinks or <img src>.
abstract bypassSecurityTrustUrl(value: string): SafeUrl Parameters value string Returns SafeUrl
WARNING: calling this method with untrusted user data exposes your application to XSS security risks!

bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl()
Bypass security and trust the given value to be a safe resource URL, i.e. a location that may be used to load executable code from, like <script src>, or <iframe src>.
abstract bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(value: string): SafeResourceUrl Parameters value string Returns SafeResourceUrl
WARNING: calling this method with untrusted user data exposes your application to XSS security risks!