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ansible.builtin.file – Manage files and file properties

Note

This module is part of ansible-base and included in all Ansible installations. In most cases, you can use the short module name file even without specifying the collections: keyword. Despite that, we recommend you use the FQCN for easy linking to the module documentation and to avoid conflicting with other collections that may have the same module name.

Synopsis
Parameters
See Also
Examples
Return Values

Synopsis

Set attributes of files, symlinks or directories.
Alternatively, remove files, symlinks or directories.
Many other modules support the same options as the file module - including ansible.builtin.copy, ansible.builtin.template, and ansible.builtin.assemble.
For Windows targets, use the ansible.windows.win_file module instead.

Parameters

Parameter	Choices/Defaults	Comments
access_time string added in 2.7 of ansible.builtin		This parameter indicates the time the file's access time should be set to. Should be `preserve` when no modification is required, `YYYYMMDDHHMM.SS` when using default time format, or `now`. Default is `None` meaning that `preserve` is the default for `state=[file,directory,link,hard]` and `now` is default for `state=touch`.
access_time_format string added in 2.7 of ansible.builtin	Default: "%Y%m%d%H%M.%S"	When used with `access_time`, indicates the time format that must be used. Based on default Python format (see time.strftime doc).
attributes string added in 2.3 of ansible.builtin		The attributes the resulting file or directory should have. To get supported flags look at the man page for chattr on the target system. This string should contain the attributes in the same order as the one displayed by lsattr. The `=` operator is assumed as default, otherwise `+` or `-` operators need to be included in the string. aliases: attr
follow boolean added in 1.8 of ansible.builtin	Choices: no yes ←	This flag indicates that filesystem links, if they exist, should be followed. Previous to Ansible 2.5, this was `no` by default.
force boolean	Choices: no ← yes	Force the creation of the symlinks in two cases: the source file does not exist (but will appear later); the destination exists and is a file (so, we need to unlink the `path` file and create symlink to the `src` file in place of it).
group string		Name of the group that should own the file/directory, as would be fed to chown.
mode raw		The permissions the resulting file or directory should have. For those used to /usr/bin/chmod remember that modes are actually octal numbers. You must either add a leading zero so that Ansible's YAML parser knows it is an octal number (like `0644` or `01777`) or quote it (like `'644'` or `'1777'`) so Ansible receives a string and can do its own conversion from string into number. Giving Ansible a number without following one of these rules will end up with a decimal number which will have unexpected results. As of Ansible 1.8, the mode may be specified as a symbolic mode (for example, `u+rwx` or `u=rw,g=r,o=r`).
modification_time string added in 2.7 of ansible.builtin		This parameter indicates the time the file's modification time should be set to. Should be `preserve` when no modification is required, `YYYYMMDDHHMM.SS` when using default time format, or `now`. Default is None meaning that `preserve` is the default for `state=[file,directory,link,hard]` and `now` is default for `state=touch`.
modification_time_format string added in 2.7 of ansible.builtin	Default: "%Y%m%d%H%M.%S"	When used with `modification_time`, indicates the time format that must be used. Based on default Python format (see time.strftime doc).
owner string		Name of the user that should own the file/directory, as would be fed to chown.
path path / required		Path to the file being managed. aliases: dest, name
recurse boolean added in 1.1 of ansible.builtin	Choices: no ← yes	Recursively set the specified file attributes on directory contents. This applies only when `state` is set to `directory`.
selevel string		The level part of the SELinux file context. This is the MLS/MCS attribute, sometimes known as the `range`. When set to `_default`, it will use the `level` portion of the policy if available.
serole string		The role part of the SELinux file context. When set to `_default`, it will use the `role` portion of the policy if available.
setype string		The type part of the SELinux file context. When set to `_default`, it will use the `type` portion of the policy if available.
seuser string		The user part of the SELinux file context. By default it uses the `system` policy, where applicable. When set to `_default`, it will use the `user` portion of the policy if available.
src path		Path of the file to link to. This applies only to `state=link` and `state=hard`. For `state=link`, this will also accept a non-existing path. Relative paths are relative to the file being created (`path`) which is how the Unix command `ln -s SRC DEST` treats relative paths.
state string	Choices: absent directory file ← hard link touch	If `absent`, directories will be recursively deleted, and files or symlinks will be unlinked. In the case of a directory, if `diff` is declared, you will see the files and folders deleted listed under `path_contents`. Note that `absent` will not cause `file` to fail if the `path` does not exist as the state did not change. If `directory`, all intermediate subdirectories will be created if they do not exist. Since Ansible 1.7 they will be created with the supplied permissions. If `file`, without any other options this works mostly as a 'stat' and will return the current state of `path`. Even with other options (i.e `mode`), the file will be modified but will NOT be created if it does not exist; see the `touch` value or the ansible.builtin.copy or ansible.builtin.template module if you want that behavior. If `hard`, the hard link will be created or changed. If `link`, the symbolic link will be created or changed. If `touch` (new in 1.4), an empty file will be created if the `path` does not exist, while an existing file or directory will receive updated file access and modification times (similar to the way `touch` works from the command line).
unsafe_writes boolean added in 2.2 of ansible.builtin	Choices: no ← yes	Influence when to use atomic operation to prevent data corruption or inconsistent reads from the target file. By default this module uses atomic operations to prevent data corruption or inconsistent reads from the target files, but sometimes systems are configured or just broken in ways that prevent this. One example is docker mounted files, which cannot be updated atomically from inside the container and can only be written in an unsafe manner. This option allows Ansible to fall back to unsafe methods of updating files when atomic operations fail (however, it doesn't force Ansible to perform unsafe writes). IMPORTANT! Unsafe writes are subject to race conditions and can lead to data corruption.

Examples

- name: Change file ownership, group and permissions
  file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    owner: foo
    group: foo
    mode: '0644'

- name: Give insecure permissions to an existing file
  file:
    path: /work
    owner: root
    group: root
    mode: '1777'

- name: Create a symbolic link
  file:
    src: /file/to/link/to
    dest: /path/to/symlink
    owner: foo
    group: foo
    state: link

- name: Create two hard links
  file:
    src: '/tmp/{{ item.src }}'
    dest: '{{ item.dest }}'
    state: hard
  loop:
    - { src: x, dest: y }
    - { src: z, dest: k }

- name: Touch a file, using symbolic modes to set the permissions (equivalent to 0644)
  file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u=rw,g=r,o=r

- name: Touch the same file, but add/remove some permissions
  file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u+rw,g-wx,o-rwx

- name: Touch again the same file, but dont change times this makes the task idempotent
  file:
    path: /etc/foo.conf
    state: touch
    mode: u+rw,g-wx,o-rwx
    modification_time: preserve
    access_time: preserve

- name: Create a directory if it does not exist
  file:
    path: /etc/some_directory
    state: directory
    mode: '0755'

- name: Update modification and access time of given file
  file:
    path: /etc/some_file
    state: file
    modification_time: now
    access_time: now

- name: Set access time based on seconds from epoch value
  file:
    path: /etc/another_file
    state: file
    access_time: '{{ "%Y%m%d%H%M.%S" | strftime(stat_var.stat.atime) }}'

- name: Recursively change ownership of a directory
  file:
    path: /etc/foo
    state: directory
    recurse: yes
    owner: foo
    group: foo

- name: Remove file (delete file)
  file:
    path: /etc/foo.txt
    state: absent

- name: Recursively remove directory
  file:
    path: /etc/foo
    state: absent

Return Values

Common return values are documented here, the following are the fields unique to this module:

Key	Returned	Description
dest string	state=touch, state=hard, state=link	Destination file/path, equal to the value passed to path Sample: /path/to/file.txt
path string	state=absent, state=directory, state=file	Destination file/path, equal to the value passed to path Sample: /path/to/file.txt

Authors

Ansible Core Team
Michael DeHaan

© 2012–2018 Michael DeHaan
© 2018–2019 Red Hat, Inc.
Licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3.
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/2.10/collections/ansible/builtin/file_module.html