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std::ranges::find_last, std::ranges::find_last_if, std::ranges::find_last_if_not

Defined in header `<algorithm>`
Call signature
template< std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T*> constexpr ranges::subrange<I> find_last( I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );	(1)	(since C++23)
template< ranges::forward_range R, class T, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last( R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {} );	(2)	(since C++23)
template< std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred > constexpr ranges::subrange<I> find_last_if( I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );	(3)	(since C++23)
template< ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred > constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last_if( R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );	(4)	(since C++23)
template< std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred > constexpr ranges::subrange<I> find_last_if_not( I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );	(5)	(since C++23)
template< ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred > constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last_if_not( R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {} );	(6)	(since C++23)

Returns the last element in the range [first, last) that satisfies specific criteria:

1) find_last searches for an element equal to value.

3) find_last_if searches for the last element in the range [first, last) for which predicate pred returns true.

5) find_last_if_not searches for the last element in the range [first, last) for which predicate pred returns false.

2,4,6) Same as (1,3,5), but uses r as the source range, as if using ranges::begin(r) as first and ranges::end(r) as last.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids, that is:

Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup.
When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

In practice, they may be implemented as function objects, or with special compiler extensions.

Parameters

first, last	-	the range of elements to examine
r	-	the range of the elements to examine
value	-	value to compare the elements to
pred	-	predicate to apply to the projected elements
proj	-	projection to apply to the elements

Return value

1,2,3) Let i be the last iterator in the range [first, last) for which E is true. Returns ranges::subrange<I>{i, last}, or ranges::subrange<I>{last, last} if no such iterator is found.

2,4,6) Same as (1,2,3) but the return type is ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<I>.

Complexity

At most last - first applications of the predicate and projection.

Notes

ranges::find_last, ranges::find_last_if, ranges::find_last_if_not have better efficiency on common implementations if I models bidirectional_iterator or (better) random_access_iterator.

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Comment
`__cpp_lib_ranges_find_last`	202207L	(C++23)	`ranges::find_last`, `ranges::find_last_if`, `ranges::find_last_if_not`

Possible implementation

These implementations only show the slower algorithm used when I models forward_iterator.

find_last (1-2)
struct find_last_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class T, class Proj = std::identity> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<I, Proj>, const T> constexpr ranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, const T &value, Proj proj = {}) const { // Note: if I is mere forward_iterator, we may only go from begin to end. I found {}; for (; first != last; ++first) if (std::invoke(proj, first) == value) found = first; if (found == I {}) return {first, first}; return {found, std::ranges::next(found, last)}; } template<ranges::forward_range R, class T, class Proj = std::identity> requires std::indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, const T &value, Proj proj = {}) const { return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), value, std::ref(proj)); } }; inline constexpr find_last_fn find_last;
find_last_if (3-4)
struct find_last_if_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred> constexpr ranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { // Note: if I is mere forward_iterator, we may only go from begin to end. I found {}; for (; first != last; ++first) if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first; if (found == I {}) return {first, first}; return {found, std::ranges::next(found, last)}; } template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj)); } }; inline constexpr find_last_if_fn find_last_if;
find_last_if_not (5-6)
struct find_last_if_not_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred> constexpr ranges::subrange<I> operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { // Note: if I is mere forward_iterator, we may only go from begin to end. I found {}; for (; first != last; ++first) if (!std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *first))) found = first; if (found == I {}) return {first, first}; return {found, std::ranges::next(found, last)}; } template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity, std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const { return this->operator()(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj)); } }; inline constexpr find_last_if_not_fn find_last_if_not;

Example

A link to test: Compiler Explorer/g++-trunk.

#include <algorithm>
#include <forward_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string_view>
 
int main()
{
    constexpr static auto v = {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2};
 
    {
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last(v, 3);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last(v.begin(), v.end(), -3);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last(v, -3);
        static_assert(i1.begin() == v.end());
        static_assert(i2.begin() == v.end());
    }
 
    auto abs = [](int x) { return x < 0 ? -x : x; };
 
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 3; };
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == -3; };
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last_if(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last_if(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(i1.begin() == v.end());
        static_assert(i2.begin() == v.end());
    }
 
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 1 or x == 2; };
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i1.begin()) == 5);
        static_assert(std::ranges::distance(v.begin(), i2.begin()) == 5);
    }
    {
        auto pred = [](int x) { return x == 1 or x == 2 or x == 3; };
        constexpr auto i1 = std::ranges::find_last_if_not(v.begin(), v.end(), pred, abs);
        constexpr auto i2 = std::ranges::find_last_if_not(v, pred, abs);
        static_assert(i1.begin() == v.end());
        static_assert(i2.begin() == v.end());
    }
 
    using P = std::pair<std::string_view, int>;
    std::forward_list<P> list
    {
        {"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3},
        {"one", 4}, {"two", 5}, {"three", 6},
    };
    auto cmp_one = [](const std::string_view &s) { return s == "one"; };
 
    // find latest element that satisfy the comparator, and projecting pair::first
    const auto subrange = std::ranges::find_last_if(list, cmp_one, &P::first);
 
    // print the found element and the "tail" after it
    for (P const& e : subrange)
        std::cout << '{' << std::quoted(e.first) << ", " << e.second << "} ";
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Output:

{"one", 4} {"two", 5} {"three", 6}

ranges::find_end (C++20)	finds the last sequence of elements in a certain range (niebloid)
ranges::findranges::find_ifranges::find_if_not (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)	finds the first element satisfying specific criteria (niebloid)
ranges::search (C++20)	searches for a range of elements (niebloid)
ranges::includes (C++20)	returns `true` if one sequence is a subsequence of another (niebloid)
ranges::binary_search (C++20)	determines if an element exists in a partially-ordered range (niebloid)
ranges::containsranges::contains_subrange (C++23)(C++23)	checks if the range contains the given element or subrange (niebloid)