Here is a table of text property names that have special built-in meanings. The following sections list a few additional special property names that control filling and property inheritance. All other names have no standard meaning, and you can use them as you like.
Note: the properties composition
, display
, invisible
and intangible
can also cause point to move to an acceptable place, after each Emacs command. See Adjusting Point.
category
If a character has a category
property, we call it the property category of the character. It should be a symbol. The properties of this symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the character.
face
The face
property controls the appearance of the character (see Faces). The value of the property can be the following:
(keyword
value …)
, where each keyword is a face attribute name and value is a value for that attribute. (foreground-color . color-name)
or (background-color . color-name)
. This specifies the foreground or background color, similar to (:foreground
color-name)
or (:background color-name)
. This form is supported for backward compatibility only, and should be avoided. (:filtered filter face-spec)
, that specifies the face given by face-spec, but only if filter matches when the face is used for display. The face-spec can use any of the forms mentioned above. The filter should be of the form (:window param value)
, which matches for windows whose parameter param is eq
to value. If the variable face-filters-always-match
is non-nil
, all face filters are deemed to have matched. Font Lock mode (see Font Lock Mode) works in most buffers by dynamically updating the face
property of characters based on the context.
The add-face-text-property
function provides a convenient way to set this text property. See Changing Properties.
font-lock-face
This property specifies a value for the face
property that Font Lock mode should apply to the underlying text. It is one of the fontification methods used by Font Lock mode, and is useful for special modes that implement their own highlighting. See Precalculated Fontification. When Font Lock mode is disabled, font-lock-face
has no effect.
mouse-face
This property is used instead of face
when the mouse is on or near the character. For this purpose, “near” means that all text between the character and where the mouse is have the same mouse-face
property value.
Emacs ignores all face attributes from the mouse-face
property that alter the text size (e.g., :height
, :weight
, and :slant
). Those attributes are always the same as for the unhighlighted text.
fontified
This property says whether the text is ready for display. If nil
, Emacs’s redisplay routine calls the functions in fontification-functions
(see Auto Faces) to prepare this part of the buffer before it is displayed. It is used internally by the just-in-time font locking code.
display
This property activates various features that change the way text is displayed. For example, it can make text appear taller or shorter, higher or lower, wider or narrow, or replaced with an image. See Display Property.
help-echo
If text has a string as its help-echo
property, then when you move the mouse onto that text, Emacs displays that string in the echo area, or in the tooltip window (see Tooltips), after passing it through substitute-command-keys
.
If the value of the help-echo
property is a function, that function is called with three arguments, window, object and pos and should return a help string or nil
for none. The first argument, window is the window in which the help was found. The second, object, is the buffer, overlay or string which had the help-echo
property. The pos argument is as follows:
help-echo
property, and pos is the position in the overlay’s buffer. display
property), pos is the position in that string. If the value of the help-echo
property is neither a function nor a string, it is evaluated to obtain a help string.
You can alter the way help text is displayed by setting the variable show-help-function
(see Help display).
This feature is used in the mode line and for other active text.
help-echo-inhibit-substitution
If the first character of a help-echo
string has a non-nil
help-echo-inhibit-substitution
property, then it is displayed as-is by show-help-function
, without being passed through substitute-command-keys
.
keymap
The keymap
property specifies an additional keymap for commands. When this keymap applies, it is used for key lookup before the minor mode keymaps and before the buffer’s local map. See Active Keymaps. If the property value is a symbol, the symbol’s function definition is used as the keymap.
The property’s value for the character before point applies if it is non-nil
and rear-sticky, and the property’s value for the character after point applies if it is non-nil
and front-sticky. (For mouse clicks, the position of the click is used instead of the position of point.)
local-map
This property works like keymap
except that it specifies a keymap to use instead of the buffer’s local map. For most purposes (perhaps all purposes), it is better to use the keymap
property.
syntax-table
The syntax-table
property overrides what the syntax table says about this particular character. See Syntax Properties.
read-only
If a character has the property read-only
, then modifying that character is not allowed. Any command that would do so gets an error, text-read-only
. If the property value is a string, that string is used as the error message.
Insertion next to a read-only character is an error if inserting ordinary text there would inherit the read-only
property due to stickiness. Thus, you can control permission to insert next to read-only text by controlling the stickiness. See Sticky Properties.
Since changing properties counts as modifying the buffer, it is not possible to remove a read-only
property unless you know the special trick: bind inhibit-read-only
to a non-nil
value and then remove the property. See Read Only Buffers.
inhibit-read-only
Characters that have the property inhibit-read-only
can be edited even in read-only buffers. See Read Only Buffers.
invisible
A non-nil
invisible
property can make a character invisible on the screen. See Invisible Text, for details.
intangible
If a group of consecutive characters have equal and non-nil
intangible
properties, then you cannot place point between them. If you try to move point forward into the group, point actually moves to the end of the group. If you try to move point backward into the group, point actually moves to the start of the group.
If consecutive characters have unequal non-nil
intangible
properties, they belong to separate groups; each group is separately treated as described above.
When the variable inhibit-point-motion-hooks
is non-nil
(as it is by default), the intangible
property is ignored.
Beware: this property operates at a very low level, and affects a lot of code in unexpected ways. So use it with extreme caution. A common misuse is to put an intangible property on invisible text, which is actually unnecessary since the command loop will move point outside of the invisible text at the end of each command anyway. See Adjusting Point. For these reasons, this property is obsolete; use the cursor-intangible
property instead.
cursor-intangible
When the minor mode cursor-intangible-mode
is turned on, point is moved away from any position that has a non-nil
cursor-intangible
property, just before redisplay happens.
When the variable cursor-sensor-inhibit
is non-nil
, the cursor-intangible
property and the cursor-sensor-functions
property (described below) are ignored.
field
Consecutive characters with the same field
property constitute a field. Some motion functions including forward-word
and beginning-of-line
stop moving at a field boundary. See Fields.
cursor
Normally, the cursor is displayed at the beginning or the end of any overlay and text property strings present at the current buffer position. You can place the cursor on any desired character of these strings by giving that character a non-nil
cursor
text property. In addition, if the value of the cursor
property is an integer, it specifies the number of buffer’s character positions, starting with the position where the overlay or the display
property begins, for which the cursor should be displayed on that character. Specifically, if the value of the cursor
property of a character is the number n, the cursor will be displayed on this character for any buffer position in the range [ovpos..ovpos+n)
, where ovpos is the overlay’s starting position given by overlay-start
(see Managing Overlays), or the position where the display
text property begins in the buffer.
In other words, the string character with the cursor
property of any non-nil
value is the character where to display the cursor. The value of the property says for which buffer positions to display the cursor there. If the value is an integer n, the cursor is displayed there when point is anywhere between the beginning of the overlay or display
property and n positions after that. If the value is anything else and non-nil
, the cursor is displayed there only when point is at the beginning of the display
property or at overlay-start
.
When the buffer has many overlay strings (e.g., see before-string) that conceal some of the buffer text or display
properties that are strings, it is a good idea to use the cursor
property on these strings to cue the Emacs display about the places where to put the cursor while traversing these strings. This directly communicates to the display engine where the Lisp program wants to put the cursor, or where the user would expect the cursor, when point is located on some buffer position that is “covered” by the display or overlay string.
pointer
This specifies a specific pointer shape when the mouse pointer is over this text or image. See Pointer Shape, for possible pointer shapes.
line-spacing
A newline can have a line-spacing
text or overlay property that controls the height of the display line ending with that newline. The property value overrides the default frame line spacing and the buffer local line-spacing
variable. See Line Height.
line-height
A newline can have a line-height
text or overlay property that controls the total height of the display line ending in that newline. See Line Height.
wrap-prefix
If text has a wrap-prefix
property, the prefix it defines will be added at display time to the beginning of every continuation line due to text wrapping (so if lines are truncated, the wrap-prefix is never used). It may be a string or an image (see Other Display Specs), or a stretch of whitespace such as specified by the :width
or :align-to
display properties (see Specified Space).
A wrap-prefix may also be specified for an entire buffer using the wrap-prefix
buffer-local variable (however, a wrap-prefix
text-property takes precedence over the value of the wrap-prefix
variable). See Truncation.
line-prefix
If text has a line-prefix
property, the prefix it defines will be added at display time to the beginning of every non-continuation line. It may be a string or an image (see Other Display Specs), or a stretch of whitespace such as specified by the :width
or :align-to
display properties (see Specified Space).
A line-prefix may also be specified for an entire buffer using the line-prefix
buffer-local variable (however, a line-prefix
text-property takes precedence over the value of the line-prefix
variable). See Truncation.
modification-hooks
If a character has the property modification-hooks
, then its value should be a list of functions; modifying that character calls all of those functions before the actual modification. Each function receives two arguments: the beginning and end of the part of the buffer being modified. Note that if a particular modification hook function appears on several characters being modified by a single primitive, you can’t predict how many times the function will be called. Furthermore, insertion will not modify any existing character, so this hook will only be run when removing some characters, replacing them with others, or changing their text-properties.
Unlike with other similar hooks, when Emacs calls these functions, inhibit-modification-hooks
does not get bound to non-nil
. If the functions modify the buffer, you should consider binding this variable to non-nil
to prevent any buffer changes running the change hooks. Otherwise, you must be prepared for recursive calls. See Change Hooks.
Overlays also support the modification-hooks
property, but the details are somewhat different (see Overlay Properties).
insert-in-front-hooks
insert-behind-hooks
The operation of inserting text in a buffer also calls the functions listed in the insert-in-front-hooks
property of the following character and in the insert-behind-hooks
property of the preceding character. These functions receive two arguments, the beginning and end of the inserted text. The functions are called after the actual insertion takes place.
When these functions are called, inhibit-modification-hooks
is bound to non-nil
. If the functions modify the buffer, you might want to bind inhibit-modification-hooks
to nil
, so as to cause the change hooks to run for these modifications. However, doing this may call your own change hook recursively, so be sure to prepare for that.
See also Change Hooks, for other hooks that are called when you change text in a buffer.
point-entered
point-left
The special properties point-entered
and point-left
record hook functions that report motion of point. Each time point moves, Emacs compares these two property values:
point-left
property of the character after the old location, and point-entered
property of the character after the new location. If these two values differ, each of them is called (if not nil
) with two arguments: the old value of point, and the new one.
The same comparison is made for the characters before the old and new locations. The result may be to execute two point-left
functions (which may be the same function) and/or two point-entered
functions (which may be the same function). In any case, all the point-left
functions are called first, followed by all the point-entered
functions.
It is possible to use char-after
to examine characters at various buffer positions without moving point to those positions. Only an actual change in the value of point runs these hook functions.
The variable inhibit-point-motion-hooks
by default inhibits running the point-left
and point-entered
hooks, see Inhibit point motion hooks.
These properties are obsolete; please use cursor-sensor-functions
instead.
cursor-sensor-functions
This special property records a list of functions that react to cursor motion. Each function in the list is called, just before redisplay, with 3 arguments: the affected window, the previous known position of the cursor, and one of the symbols entered
or left
, depending on whether the cursor is entering the text that has this property or leaving it. The functions are called only when the minor mode cursor-sensor-mode
is turned on.
When the variable cursor-sensor-inhibit
is non-nil
, the cursor-sensor-functions
property is ignored.
composition
This text property is used to display a sequence of characters as a single glyph composed from components. But the value of the property itself is completely internal to Emacs and should not be manipulated directly by, for instance, put-text-property
.
minibuffer-message
This text property tells where to display temporary messages in an active minibuffer. Specifically, the first character of the minibuffer text which has this property will have the temporary message displayed before it. The default is to display temporary messages at the end of the minibuffer text. This text property is used by the function that is the default value of set-message-function
(see Displaying Messages).
When this obsolete variable is non-nil
, point-left
and point-entered
hooks are not run, and the intangible
property has no effect. Do not set this variable globally; bind it with let
. Since the affected properties are obsolete, this variable’s default value is t
, to effectively disable them.
If this variable is non-nil
, it specifies a function called to display help strings. These may be help-echo
properties, menu help strings (see Simple Menu Items, see Extended Menu Items), or tool bar help strings (see Tool Bar). The specified function is called with one argument, the help string to display, which is passed through substitute-command-keys
before being given to the function, unless the help string has a non-nil
help-echo-inhibit-substitution
property on its first character; see Keys in Documentation. See the code of Tooltip mode (see Tooltips in The GNU Emacs Manual) for an example of a mode that uses show-help-function
.
If this variable is non-nil
, face filters that specify attributes applied only when certain conditions are met will be deemed to match always.
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Licensed under the GNU GPL license.
https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Special-Properties.html