The add() method of Temporal.PlainDate instances returns a new Temporal.PlainDate object representing this date moved forward by a given duration (in a form convertible by Temporal.Duration.from()).

Syntax

add(duration)
add(duration, options)

Parameters

duration

A string, an object, or a Temporal.Duration instance representing a duration to add to this date. It is converted to a Temporal.Duration object using the same algorithm as Temporal.Duration.from().

options Optional

An object containing the following property:

overflow Optional

A string specifying the behavior when a date component is out of range. Possible values are:

"constrain" (default)

The date component is clamped to the valid range.

"reject"

A RangeError is thrown if the date component is out of range.

Return value

A new Temporal.PlainDate object representing the date specified by the original PlainDate, plus the duration.

Exceptions

RangeError

Thrown if the result is not in the representable range, which is ±(10⁸ + 1) days, or about ±273,972.6 years, from the Unix epoch.

Description

The duration is handled in this way:

• Move forward by the number of years, keeping the monthCode and day the same. If the monthCode is invalid in the resulting year (impossible for Gregorian and ISO 8601, but possible for calendars with leap months), we adjust based on the overflow option: for constrain, we pick another month according to the cultural conventions of that calendar's users. For example, because the leap month is usually thought of as a duplicate of another month, we may pick the month that it is a duplicate of.
• Move forward by the number of months, adjusting the year if necessary, keeping the day the same. If the day is invalid in the resulting month (e.g., February 30), we adjust based on the overflow option: for constrain, we pick the closest valid day (e.g., February 28 or 29).
• All commonly supported calendars use fixed-length weeks, so the number of weeks is just converted to the number of days. If the rule is more complex, we may take an approach similar to shifting months.
• For all non-calendar units (days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds), they are converted to the number of days. Fractional part of a day is ignored. Then, we move forward by that number of days, adjusting the month and year if necessary.

Adding a duration is equivalent to subtracting its negation.

Examples

Adding a duration in ISO 8601 calendar

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-01");
const end = start.add({ years: 1, months: 2, weeks: 3, days: 4 });
console.log(end.toString()); // 2022-03-26

const end2 = start.add({ years: -1, months: -2, weeks: -3, days: -4 });
console.log(end2.toString()); // 2019-10-07

const distance = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2020-01-01").until("2021-01-01"); // 366 days
const end3 = start.add(distance);
console.log(end3.toString()); // 2022-01-02

Adding a duration in a non-ISO calendar

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-01[u-ca=chinese]");
console.log(start.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 11/18/2020
const end = start.add({ months: 1 });
console.log(end.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 12/18/2020

Adding a duration with overflow

If we move a few months and the corresponding day is invalid in this month, then we adjust the day based on the overflow option.

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-31");
const end = start.add({ months: 1 });
console.log(end.toString()); // 2021-02-28

// Any further day additions are based on the clamped month-day:
const end2 = start.add({ months: 1, days: 31 });
console.log(end2.toString()); // 2021-03-31

// Compare with the same addition in a different order that results in no overflow:
const end3 = start.add({ days: 31 }).add({ months: 1 });
console.log(end3.toString()); // 2021-04-03

Overflow can also occur for the month, for calendars where different years have different numbers of months (usually due to leap months).

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2023-04-01[u-ca=chinese]");
console.log(start.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 2bis/11/2023; "bis" means leap month
const end = start.add({ years: 1 });
console.log(end.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 3/11/2024

// Compare:
const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2023-04-30[u-ca=chinese]");
console.log(start.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 3/11/2023
const end = start.add({ years: 1 });
console.log(end.toLocaleString("en-US", { calendar: "chinese" })); // 3/11/2024; same day as above!

Note that the following is not an overflow because the month can just increment:

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-01");
const end = start.add({ days: 100 });
console.log(end.toString()); // 2021-04-11

You can also throw an error if the date component is out of range:

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-31");
const end = start.add({ months: 1 }, { overflow: "reject" }); // RangeError: date value "day" not in 1..28: 31

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2023-04-01[u-ca=chinese]");
const end = start.add({ years: 1 }, { overflow: "reject" }); // RangeError: invalid "monthCode" calendar field: M02L

Adding time durations

Fractional parts of a day are ignored.

const start = Temporal.PlainDate.from("2021-01-01");
const end = start.add({ hours: 25 }); // Same as adding 1 day
console.log(end.toString()); // 2021-01-02

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Temporal.PlainDate
• Temporal.Duration
• Temporal.PlainDate.prototype.subtract()