Class Objects

public final class Objects
extends Object

This class consists of static utility methods for operating on objects, or checking certain conditions before operation. These utilities include null-safe or null-tolerant methods for computing the hash code of an object, returning a string for an object, comparing two objects, and checking if indexes or sub-range values are out of bounds.

API Note:
Static methods such as checkIndex(int, int), checkFromToIndex(int, int, int), and checkFromIndexSize(int, int, int) are provided for the convenience of checking if values corresponding to indexes and sub-ranges are out of bounds. Variations of these static methods support customization of the runtime exception, and corresponding exception detail message, that is thrown when values are out of bounds. Such methods accept a functional interface argument, instances of BiFunction, that maps out-of-bound values to a runtime exception. Care should be taken when using such methods in combination with an argument that is a lambda expression, method reference or class that capture values. In such cases the cost of capture, related to functional interface allocation, may exceed the cost of checking bounds.
Since:
1.7

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type Method Description
static int checkFromIndexSize​(int fromIndex, int size, int length)

Checks if the sub-range from fromIndex (inclusive) to fromIndex + size (exclusive) is within the bounds of range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).
static int checkFromToIndex​(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int length)

Checks if the sub-range from fromIndex (inclusive) to toIndex (exclusive) is within the bounds of range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).
static int checkIndex​(int index, int length)

Checks if the index is within the bounds of the range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).
static <T> int compare​(T a, T b, Comparator<? super T> c)

Returns 0 if the arguments are identical and c.compare(a, b) otherwise.
static boolean deepEquals​(Object a, Object b)

Returns true if the arguments are deeply equal to each other and false otherwise.
static boolean equals​(Object a, Object b)

Returns true if the arguments are equal to each other and false otherwise.
static int hash​(Object... values)

Generates a hash code for a sequence of input values.
static int hashCode​(Object o)

Returns the hash code of a non-null argument and 0 for a null argument.
static boolean isNull​(Object obj)

Returns true if the provided reference is null otherwise returns false.
static boolean nonNull​(Object obj)

Returns true if the provided reference is non-null otherwise returns false.
static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null.
static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj, String message)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null and throws a customized NullPointerException if it is.
static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj, Supplier<String> messageSupplier)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null and throws a customized NullPointerException if it is.
static <T> T requireNonNullElse​(T obj, T defaultObj)

Returns the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise returns the non-null second argument.
static <T> T requireNonNullElseGet​(T obj, Supplier<? extends T> supplier)

Returns the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise returns the non-null value of supplier.get().
static String toString​(Object o)

Returns the result of calling toString for a non- null argument and "null" for a null argument.
static String toString​(Object o, String nullDefault)

Returns the result of calling toString on the first argument if the first argument is not null and returns the second argument otherwise.

Methods declared in class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Method Detail

equals

public static boolean equals​(Object a,
                             Object b)

Returns true if the arguments are equal to each other and false otherwise. Consequently, if both arguments are null, true is returned and if exactly one argument is null, false is returned. Otherwise, equality is determined by using the equals method of the first argument.

Parameters:
a - an object
b - an object to be compared with a for equality
Returns:
true if the arguments are equal to each other and false otherwise
See Also:
Object.equals(Object)

deepEquals

public static boolean deepEquals​(Object a,
                                 Object b)

Returns true if the arguments are deeply equal to each other and false otherwise. Two null values are deeply equal. If both arguments are arrays, the algorithm in Arrays.deepEquals is used to determine equality. Otherwise, equality is determined by using the equals method of the first argument.

Parameters:
a - an object
b - an object to be compared with a for deep equality
Returns:
true if the arguments are deeply equal to each other and false otherwise
See Also:
Arrays.deepEquals(Object[], Object[]), equals(Object, Object)

hashCode

public static int hashCode​(Object o)

Returns the hash code of a non-null argument and 0 for a null argument.

Parameters:
o - an object
Returns:
the hash code of a non-null argument and 0 for a null argument
See Also:
Object.hashCode()

hash

public static int hash​(Object... values)

Generates a hash code for a sequence of input values. The hash code is generated as if all the input values were placed into an array, and that array were hashed by calling Arrays.hashCode(Object[]).

This method is useful for implementing Object.hashCode() on objects containing multiple fields. For example, if an object that has three fields, x, y, and z, one could write: 

@Override public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hash(x, y, z);
}
Warning: When a single object reference is supplied, the returned value does not equal the hash code of that object reference. This value can be computed by calling hashCode(Object).
Parameters:
values - the values to be hashed
Returns:
a hash value of the sequence of input values
See Also:
Arrays.hashCode(Object[]), List.hashCode()

toString

public static String toString​(Object o)

Returns the result of calling toString for a non- null argument and "null" for a null argument.

Parameters:
o - an object
Returns:
the result of calling toString for a non- null argument and "null" for a null argument
See Also:
Object.toString(), String.valueOf(Object)

toString

public static String toString​(Object o,
                              String nullDefault)

Returns the result of calling toString on the first argument if the first argument is not null and returns the second argument otherwise.

Parameters:
o - an object
nullDefault - string to return if the first argument is null
Returns:
the result of calling toString on the first argument if it is not null and the second argument otherwise.
See Also:
toString(Object)

compare

public static <T> int compare​(T a,
                              T b,
                              Comparator<? super T> c)

Returns 0 if the arguments are identical and c.compare(a, b) otherwise. Consequently, if both arguments are null 0 is returned.

Note that if one of the arguments is null, a NullPointerException may or may not be thrown depending on what ordering policy, if any, the Comparator chooses to have for null values.

Type Parameters:
T - the type of the objects being compared
Parameters:
a - an object
b - an object to be compared with a
c - the Comparator to compare the first two arguments
Returns:
0 if the arguments are identical and c.compare(a, b) otherwise.
See Also:
Comparable, Comparator

requireNonNull

public static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null. This method is designed primarily for doing parameter validation in methods and constructors, as demonstrated below: 

public Foo(Bar bar) {
    this.bar = Objects.requireNonNull(bar);
}
Type Parameters:
T - the type of the reference
Parameters:
obj - the object reference to check for nullity
Returns:
obj if not null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if obj is null

requireNonNull

public static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj,
                                   String message)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null and throws a customized NullPointerException if it is. This method is designed primarily for doing parameter validation in methods and constructors with multiple parameters, as demonstrated below: 

public Foo(Bar bar, Baz baz) {
    this.bar = Objects.requireNonNull(bar, "bar must not be null");
    this.baz = Objects.requireNonNull(baz, "baz must not be null");
}
Type Parameters:
T - the type of the reference
Parameters:
obj - the object reference to check for nullity
message - detail message to be used in the event that a NullPointerException is thrown
Returns:
obj if not null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if obj is null

isNull

public static boolean isNull​(Object obj)

Returns true if the provided reference is null otherwise returns false.

API Note:
This method exists to be used as a Predicate, filter(Objects::isNull)
Parameters:
obj - a reference to be checked against null
Returns:
true if the provided reference is null otherwise false
Since:
1.8
See Also:
Predicate

nonNull

public static boolean nonNull​(Object obj)

Returns true if the provided reference is non-null otherwise returns false.

API Note:
This method exists to be used as a Predicate, filter(Objects::nonNull)
Parameters:
obj - a reference to be checked against null
Returns:
true if the provided reference is non-null otherwise false
Since:
1.8
See Also:
Predicate

requireNonNullElse

public static <T> T requireNonNullElse​(T obj,
                                       T defaultObj)

Returns the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise returns the non-null second argument.

Type Parameters:
T - the type of the reference
Parameters:
obj - an object
defaultObj - a non-null object to return if the first argument is null
Returns:
the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise the second argument if it is non-null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if both obj is null and defaultObj is null
Since:
9

requireNonNullElseGet

public static <T> T requireNonNullElseGet​(T obj,
                                          Supplier<? extends T> supplier)

Returns the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise returns the non-null value of supplier.get().

Type Parameters:
T - the type of the first argument and return type
Parameters:
obj - an object
supplier - of a non-null object to return if the first argument is null
Returns:
the first argument if it is non-null and otherwise the value from supplier.get() if it is non-null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if both obj is null and either the supplier is null or the supplier.get() value is null
Since:
9

requireNonNull

public static <T> T requireNonNull​(T obj,
                                   Supplier<String> messageSupplier)

Checks that the specified object reference is not null and throws a customized NullPointerException if it is.

Unlike the method requireNonNull(Object, String), this method allows creation of the message to be deferred until after the null check is made. While this may confer a performance advantage in the non-null case, when deciding to call this method care should be taken that the costs of creating the message supplier are less than the cost of just creating the string message directly.

Type Parameters:
T - the type of the reference
Parameters:
obj - the object reference to check for nullity
messageSupplier - supplier of the detail message to be used in the event that a NullPointerException is thrown
Returns:
obj if not null
Throws:
NullPointerException - if obj is null
Since:
1.8

checkIndex

public static int checkIndex​(int index,
                             int length)

Checks if the index is within the bounds of the range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).

The index is defined to be out of bounds if any of the following inequalities is true:

  • index < 0
  • index >= length
  • length < 0, which is implied from the former inequalities
Parameters:
index - the index
length - the upper-bound (exclusive) of the range
Returns:
index if it is within bounds of the range
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the index is out of bounds
Since:
9

checkFromToIndex

public static int checkFromToIndex​(int fromIndex,
                                   int toIndex,
                                   int length)

Checks if the sub-range from fromIndex (inclusive) to toIndex (exclusive) is within the bounds of range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).

The sub-range is defined to be out of bounds if any of the following inequalities is true:

  • fromIndex < 0
  • fromIndex > toIndex
  • toIndex > length
  • length < 0, which is implied from the former inequalities
Parameters:
fromIndex - the lower-bound (inclusive) of the sub-range
toIndex - the upper-bound (exclusive) of the sub-range
length - the upper-bound (exclusive) the range
Returns:
fromIndex if the sub-range within bounds of the range
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the sub-range is out of bounds
Since:
9

checkFromIndexSize

public static int checkFromIndexSize​(int fromIndex,
                                     int size,
                                     int length)

Checks if the sub-range from fromIndex (inclusive) to fromIndex + size (exclusive) is within the bounds of range from 0 (inclusive) to length (exclusive).

The sub-range is defined to be out of bounds if any of the following inequalities is true:

  • fromIndex < 0
  • size < 0
  • fromIndex + size > length, taking into account integer overflow
  • length < 0, which is implied from the former inequalities
Parameters:
fromIndex - the lower-bound (inclusive) of the sub-interval
size - the size of the sub-range
length - the upper-bound (exclusive) of the range
Returns:
fromIndex if the sub-range within bounds of the range
Throws:
IndexOutOfBoundsException - if the sub-range is out of bounds
Since:
9