Serializable
, Cloneable
, Comparable<Calendar>
GregorianCalendar
public abstract class Calendar extends Object implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<Calendar>
Calendar
class is an abstract class that provides methods for converting between a specific instant in time and a set of calendar fields
such as YEAR
, MONTH
, DAY_OF_MONTH
, HOUR
, and so on, and for manipulating the calendar fields, such as getting the date of the next week. An instant in time can be represented by a millisecond value that is an offset from the Epoch, January 1, 1970 00:00:00.000 GMT (Gregorian). The class also provides additional fields and methods for implementing a concrete calendar system outside the package. Those fields and methods are defined as protected
.
Like other locale-sensitive classes, Calendar
provides a class method, getInstance
, for getting a generally useful object of this type. Calendar
's getInstance
method returns a Calendar
object whose calendar fields have been initialized with the current date and time:
Calendar rightNow = Calendar.getInstance();
A Calendar
object can produce all the calendar field values needed to implement the date-time formatting for a particular language and calendar style (for example, Japanese-Gregorian, Japanese-Traditional). Calendar
defines the range of values returned by certain calendar fields, as well as their meaning. For example, the first month of the calendar system has value MONTH ==
JANUARY
for all calendars. Other values are defined by the concrete subclass, such as ERA
. See individual field documentation and subclass documentation for details.
The calendar field values can be set by calling the set
methods. Any field values set in a Calendar
will not be interpreted until it needs to calculate its time value (milliseconds from the Epoch) or values of the calendar fields. Calling the get
, getTimeInMillis
, getTime
, add
and roll
involves such calculation. Unless otherwise specified, any Calendar
method containing the parameter int field
will throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
if the specified field is out of range (field
< 0 || field
>= FIELD_COUNT
).
Calendar
has two modes for interpreting the calendar fields, lenient and non-lenient. When a Calendar
is in lenient mode, it accepts a wider range of calendar field values than it produces. When a Calendar
recomputes calendar field values for return by get()
, all of the calendar fields are normalized. For example, a lenient GregorianCalendar
interprets MONTH == JANUARY
, DAY_OF_MONTH == 32
as February 1.
When a Calendar
is in non-lenient mode, it throws an exception if there is any inconsistency in its calendar fields. For example, a GregorianCalendar
always produces DAY_OF_MONTH
values between 1 and the length of the month. A non-lenient GregorianCalendar
throws an exception upon calculating its time or calendar field values if any out-of-range field value has been set.
Calendar
defines a locale-specific seven day week using two parameters: the first day of the week and the minimal days in first week (from 1 to 7). These numbers are taken from the locale resource data or the locale itself when a Calendar
is constructed. If the designated locale contains "fw" and/or "rg" Unicode extensions, the first day of the week will be obtained according to those extensions. If both "fw" and "rg" are specified, the value from the "fw" extension supersedes the implicit one from the "rg" extension. They may also be specified explicitly through the methods for setting their values. When setting or getting the WEEK_OF_MONTH
or WEEK_OF_YEAR
fields, Calendar
must determine the first week of the month or year as a reference point. The first week of a month or year is defined as the earliest seven day period beginning on getFirstDayOfWeek()
and containing at least getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
days of that month or year. Weeks numbered ..., -1, 0 precede the first week; weeks numbered 2, 3,... follow it. Note that the normalized numbering returned by get()
may be different. For example, a specific Calendar
subclass may designate the week before week 1 of a year as week n
of the previous year.
Calendar
will resolve calendar field values to determine the date and time in the following way. If there is any conflict in calendar field values, Calendar
gives priorities to calendar fields that have been set more recently. The following are the default combinations of the calendar fields. The most recent combination, as determined by the most recently set single field, will be used.
For the time of day fields:YEAR + MONTH + DAY_OF_MONTH YEAR + MONTH + WEEK_OF_MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK YEAR + MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH + DAY_OF_WEEK YEAR + DAY_OF_YEAR YEAR + DAY_OF_WEEK + WEEK_OF_YEAR
HOUR_OF_DAY AM_PM + HOUR
If there are any calendar fields whose values haven't been set in the selected field combination, Calendar
uses their default values. The default value of each field may vary by concrete calendar systems. For example, in GregorianCalendar
, the default of a field is the same as that of the start of the Epoch: i.e., YEAR = 1970
, MONTH =
JANUARY
, DAY_OF_MONTH = 1
, etc.
Note: There are certain possible ambiguities in interpretation of certain singular times, which are resolved in the following ways:
The date or time format strings are not part of the definition of a calendar, as those must be modifiable or overridable by the user at runtime. Use DateFormat
to format dates.
set()
, add()
, and roll()
. set(f, value)
changes calendar field f
to value
. In addition, it sets an internal member variable to indicate that calendar field f
has been changed. Although calendar field f
is changed immediately, the calendar's time value in milliseconds is not recomputed until the next call to get()
, getTime()
, getTimeInMillis()
, add()
, or roll()
is made. Thus, multiple calls to set()
do not trigger multiple, unnecessary computations. As a result of changing a calendar field using set()
, other calendar fields may also change, depending on the calendar field, the calendar field value, and the calendar system. In addition, get(f)
will not necessarily return value
set by the call to the set
method after the calendar fields have been recomputed. The specifics are determined by the concrete calendar class.
Example: Consider a GregorianCalendar
originally set to August 31, 1999. Calling set(Calendar.MONTH,
Calendar.SEPTEMBER)
sets the date to September 31, 1999. This is a temporary internal representation that resolves to October 1, 1999 if getTime()
is then called. However, a call to set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 30)
before the call to getTime()
sets the date to September 30, 1999, since no recomputation occurs after set()
itself.
add(f, delta)
adds delta
to field f
. This is equivalent to calling set(f,
get(f) + delta)
with two adjustments:
Add rule 1. The value of field
f
after the call minus the value of fieldf
before the call isdelta
, modulo any overflow that has occurred in fieldf
. Overflow occurs when a field value exceeds its range and, as a result, the next larger field is incremented or decremented and the field value is adjusted back into its range.Add rule 2. If a smaller field is expected to be invariant, but it is impossible for it to be equal to its prior value because of changes in its minimum or maximum after field
f
is changed or other constraints, such as time zone offset changes, then its value is adjusted to be as close as possible to its expected value. A smaller field represents a smaller unit of time.HOUR
is a smaller field thanDAY_OF_MONTH
. No adjustment is made to smaller fields that are not expected to be invariant. The calendar system determines what fields are expected to be invariant.
In addition, unlike set()
, add()
forces an immediate recomputation of the calendar's milliseconds and all fields.
Example: Consider a GregorianCalendar
originally set to August 31, 1999. Calling add(Calendar.MONTH,
13)
sets the calendar to September 30, 2000. Add rule 1 sets the MONTH
field to September, since adding 13 months to August gives September of the next year. Since DAY_OF_MONTH
cannot be 31 in September in a GregorianCalendar
, add rule 2 sets the DAY_OF_MONTH
to 30, the closest possible value. Although it is a smaller field, DAY_OF_WEEK
is not adjusted by rule 2, since it is expected to change when the month changes in a GregorianCalendar
.
roll(f, delta)
adds delta
to field f
without changing larger fields. This is equivalent to calling add(f, delta)
with the following adjustment:
Roll rule. Larger fields are unchanged after the call. A larger field represents a larger unit of time.
DAY_OF_MONTH
is a larger field thanHOUR
.
Example: See GregorianCalendar.roll(int, int)
.
Usage model. To motivate the behavior of add()
and roll()
, consider a user interface component with increment and decrement buttons for the month, day, and year, and an underlying GregorianCalendar
. If the interface reads January 31, 1999 and the user presses the month increment button, what should it read? If the underlying implementation uses set()
, it might read March 3, 1999. A better result would be February 28, 1999. Furthermore, if the user presses the month increment button again, it should read March 31, 1999, not March 28, 1999. By saving the original date and using either add()
or roll()
, depending on whether larger fields should be affected, the user interface can behave as most users will intuitively expect.
Modifier and Type | Class | Description |
---|---|---|
static class |
Calendar.Builder |
Calendar.Builder is used for creating a Calendar from various date-time parameters. |
Modifier and Type | Field | Description |
---|---|---|
static final int |
ALL_STYLES |
A style specifier for getDisplayNames indicating names in all styles, such as "January" and "Jan". |
static final int |
AM |
Value of the AM_PM field indicating the period of the day from midnight to just before noon. |
static final int |
AM_PM |
Field number for get and set indicating whether the HOUR is before or after noon. |
static final int |
APRIL |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
protected boolean |
areFieldsSet |
True if fields[] are in sync with the currently set time. |
static final int |
AUGUST |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
DATE |
Field number for get and set indicating the day of the month. |
static final int |
DAY_OF_MONTH |
Field number for get and set indicating the day of the month. |
static final int |
DAY_OF_WEEK |
Field number for get and set indicating the day of the week. |
static final int |
DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH |
Field number for get and set indicating the ordinal number of the day of the week within the current month. |
static final int |
DAY_OF_YEAR |
Field number for get and set indicating the day number within the current year. |
static final int |
DECEMBER |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the twelfth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
DST_OFFSET |
Field number for get and set indicating the daylight saving offset in milliseconds. |
static final int |
ERA |
Field number for get and set indicating the era, e.g., AD or BC in the Julian calendar. |
static final int |
FEBRUARY |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the second month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
FIELD_COUNT |
The number of distinct fields recognized by get and set . |
protected int[] |
fields |
The calendar field values for the currently set time for this calendar. |
static final int |
FRIDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Friday. |
static final int |
HOUR |
Field number for get and set indicating the hour of the morning or afternoon. |
static final int |
HOUR_OF_DAY |
Field number for get and set indicating the hour of the day. |
protected boolean[] |
isSet |
The flags which tell if a specified calendar field for the calendar is set. |
protected boolean |
isTimeSet |
True if then the value of time is valid. |
static final int |
JANUARY |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the first month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
JULY |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
JUNE |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
LONG |
|
static final int |
LONG_FORMAT |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a long name used for format. |
static final int |
LONG_STANDALONE |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a long name used independently, such as a month name as calendar headers. |
static final int |
MARCH |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the third month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
MAY |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
MILLISECOND |
Field number for get and set indicating the millisecond within the second. |
static final int |
MINUTE |
Field number for get and set indicating the minute within the hour. |
static final int |
MONDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Monday. |
static final int |
MONTH |
Field number for get and set indicating the month. |
static final int |
NARROW_FORMAT |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a narrow name used for format. |
static final int |
NARROW_STANDALONE |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a narrow name independently. |
static final int |
NOVEMBER |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
OCTOBER |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
PM |
Value of the AM_PM field indicating the period of the day from noon to just before midnight. |
static final int |
SATURDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Saturday. |
static final int |
SECOND |
Field number for get and set indicating the second within the minute. |
static final int |
SEPTEMBER |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. |
static final int |
SHORT |
|
static final int |
SHORT_FORMAT |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a short name used for format. |
static final int |
SHORT_STANDALONE |
A style specifier for getDisplayName and getDisplayNames indicating a short name used independently, such as a month abbreviation as calendar headers. |
static final int |
SUNDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Sunday. |
static final int |
THURSDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Thursday. |
protected long |
time |
The currently set time for this calendar, expressed in milliseconds after January 1, 1970, 0:00:00 GMT. |
static final int |
TUESDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Tuesday. |
static final int |
UNDECIMBER |
Value of the MONTH field indicating the thirteenth month of the year. |
static final int |
WEDNESDAY |
Value of the DAY_OF_WEEK field indicating Wednesday. |
static final int |
WEEK_OF_MONTH |
Field number for get and set indicating the week number within the current month. |
static final int |
WEEK_OF_YEAR |
Field number for get and set indicating the week number within the current year. |
static final int |
YEAR |
Field number for get and set indicating the year. |
static final int |
ZONE_OFFSET |
Field number for get and set indicating the raw offset from GMT in milliseconds. |
Modifier | Constructor | Description |
---|---|---|
protected |
Constructs a Calendar with the default time zone and the default FORMAT locale. |
|
protected |
Constructs a calendar with the specified time zone and locale. |
Modifier and Type | Method | Description |
---|---|---|
abstract void |
add |
Adds or subtracts the specified amount of time to the given calendar field, based on the calendar's rules. |
boolean |
after |
Returns whether this Calendar represents a time after the time represented by the specified Object . |
boolean |
before |
Returns whether this Calendar represents a time before the time represented by the specified Object . |
final void |
clear() |
Sets all the calendar field values and the time value (millisecond offset from the Epoch) of this Calendar undefined. |
final void |
clear |
Sets the given calendar field value and the time value (millisecond offset from the Epoch) of this Calendar undefined. |
Object |
clone() |
Creates and returns a copy of this object. |
int |
compareTo |
Compares the time values (millisecond offsets from the Epoch) represented by two Calendar objects. |
protected void |
complete() |
Fills in any unset fields in the calendar fields. |
protected abstract void |
computeFields() |
|
protected abstract void |
computeTime() |
|
boolean |
equals |
Compares this Calendar to the specified Object . |
int |
get |
Returns the value of the given calendar field. |
int |
getActualMaximum |
Returns the maximum value that the specified calendar field could have, given the time value of this Calendar . |
int |
getActualMinimum |
Returns the minimum value that the specified calendar field could have, given the time value of this Calendar . |
static Set |
getAvailableCalendarTypes() |
Returns an unmodifiable Set containing all calendar types supported by Calendar in the runtime environment. |
static Locale[] |
getAvailableLocales() |
Returns an array of all locales for which the getInstance methods of this class can return localized instances. |
String |
getCalendarType() |
Returns the calendar type of this Calendar . |
String |
getDisplayName |
Returns the string representation of the calendar field value in the given style and locale . |
Map |
getDisplayNames |
Returns a Map containing all names of the calendar field in the given style and locale and their corresponding field values. |
int |
getFirstDayOfWeek() |
Gets what the first day of the week is; e.g., SUNDAY in the U.S., MONDAY in France. |
abstract int |
getGreatestMinimum |
Returns the highest minimum value for the given calendar field of this Calendar instance. |
static Calendar |
getInstance() |
Gets a calendar using the default time zone and locale. |
static Calendar |
getInstance |
Gets a calendar using the default time zone and specified locale. |
static Calendar |
getInstance |
Gets a calendar using the specified time zone and default locale. |
static Calendar |
getInstance |
Gets a calendar with the specified time zone and locale. |
abstract int |
getLeastMaximum |
Returns the lowest maximum value for the given calendar field of this Calendar instance. |
abstract int |
getMaximum |
Returns the maximum value for the given calendar field of this Calendar instance. |
int |
getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek() |
Gets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are; e.g., if the first week is defined as one that contains the first day of the first month of a year, this method returns 1. |
abstract int |
getMinimum |
Returns the minimum value for the given calendar field of this Calendar instance. |
final Date |
getTime() |
|
long |
getTimeInMillis() |
Returns this Calendar's time value in milliseconds. |
TimeZone |
getTimeZone() |
Gets the time zone. |
int |
getWeeksInWeekYear() |
Returns the number of weeks in the week year represented by this Calendar . |
int |
getWeekYear() |
Returns the week year represented by this Calendar . |
int |
hashCode() |
Returns a hash code for this calendar. |
protected final int |
internalGet |
Returns the value of the given calendar field. |
boolean |
isLenient() |
Tells whether date/time interpretation is to be lenient. |
final boolean |
isSet |
Determines if the given calendar field has a value set, including cases that the value has been set by internal fields calculations triggered by a get method call. |
boolean |
isWeekDateSupported() |
Returns whether this Calendar supports week dates. |
abstract void |
roll |
Adds or subtracts (up/down) a single unit of time on the given time field without changing larger fields. |
void |
roll |
Adds the specified (signed) amount to the specified calendar field without changing larger fields. |
void |
set |
Sets the given calendar field to the given value. |
final void |
set |
Sets the values for the calendar fields YEAR , MONTH , and DAY_OF_MONTH . |
final void |
set |
Sets the values for the calendar fields YEAR , MONTH , DAY_OF_MONTH , HOUR_OF_DAY , and MINUTE . |
final void |
set |
Sets the values for the fields YEAR , MONTH , DAY_OF_MONTH , HOUR_OF_DAY , MINUTE , and SECOND . |
void |
setFirstDayOfWeek |
Sets what the first day of the week is; e.g., SUNDAY in the U.S., MONDAY in France. |
void |
setLenient |
Specifies whether or not date/time interpretation is to be lenient. |
void |
setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek |
Sets what the minimal days required in the first week of the year are; For example, if the first week is defined as one that contains the first day of the first month of a year, call this method with value 1. |
final void |
setTime |
Sets this Calendar's time with the given Date . |
void |
setTimeInMillis |
Sets this Calendar's current time from the given long value. |
void |
setTimeZone |
Sets the time zone with the given time zone value. |
void |
setWeekDate |
Sets the date of this Calendar with the given date specifiers - week year, week of year, and day of week. |
final Instant |
toInstant() |
Converts this object to an Instant . |
String |
toString() |
Return a string representation of this calendar. |
public static final int ERA
get
and set
indicating the era, e.g., AD or BC in the Julian calendar. This is a calendar-specific value; see subclass documentation.public static final int YEAR
get
and set
indicating the year. This is a calendar-specific value; see subclass documentation.public static final int MONTH
get
and set
indicating the month. This is a calendar-specific value. The first month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars is JANUARY
which is 0; the last depends on the number of months in a year.public static final int WEEK_OF_YEAR
get
and set
indicating the week number within the current year. The first week of the year, as defined by getFirstDayOfWeek()
and getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
, has value 1. Subclasses define the value of WEEK_OF_YEAR
for days before the first week of the year.public static final int WEEK_OF_MONTH
get
and set
indicating the week number within the current month. The first week of the month, as defined by getFirstDayOfWeek()
and getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
, has value 1. Subclasses define the value of WEEK_OF_MONTH
for days before the first week of the month.public static final int DATE
get
and set
indicating the day of the month. This is a synonym for DAY_OF_MONTH
. The first day of the month has value 1.public static final int DAY_OF_MONTH
get
and set
indicating the day of the month. This is a synonym for DATE
. The first day of the month has value 1.public static final int DAY_OF_YEAR
get
and set
indicating the day number within the current year. The first day of the year has value 1.public static final int DAY_OF_WEEK
get
and set
indicating the day of the week. If the calendar is non-lenient, this field takes values SUNDAY
, MONDAY
, TUESDAY
, WEDNESDAY
, THURSDAY
, FRIDAY
, and SATURDAY
. Otherwise, any int values are accepted and normalized to one of the previously mentioned values.public static final int DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
get
and set
indicating the ordinal number of the day of the week within the current month. Together with the DAY_OF_WEEK
field, this uniquely specifies a day within a month. Unlike WEEK_OF_MONTH
and WEEK_OF_YEAR
, this field's value does not depend on getFirstDayOfWeek()
or getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
. DAY_OF_MONTH 1
through 7
always correspond to DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH
1
; 8
through 14
correspond to DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH 2
, and so on. DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH 0
indicates the week before DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH 1
. Negative values count back from the end of the month, so the last Sunday of a month is specified as DAY_OF_WEEK = SUNDAY, DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH = -1
. Because negative values count backward they will usually be aligned differently within the month than positive values. For example, if a month has 31 days, DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH -1
will overlap DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH 5
and the end of 4
.public static final int AM_PM
get
and set
indicating whether the HOUR
is before or after noon. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the AM_PM
is PM
.public static final int HOUR
get
and set
indicating the hour of the morning or afternoon. HOUR
is used for the 12-hour clock (0 - 11). Noon and midnight are represented by 0, not by 12. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the HOUR
is 10.public static final int HOUR_OF_DAY
get
and set
indicating the hour of the day. HOUR_OF_DAY
is used for the 24-hour clock. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the HOUR_OF_DAY
is 22.public static final int MINUTE
get
and set
indicating the minute within the hour. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the MINUTE
is 4.public static final int SECOND
get
and set
indicating the second within the minute. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the SECOND
is 15.public static final int MILLISECOND
get
and set
indicating the millisecond within the second. E.g., at 10:04:15.250 PM the MILLISECOND
is 250.public static final int ZONE_OFFSET
get
and set
indicating the raw offset from GMT in milliseconds. This field reflects the correct GMT offset value of the time zone of this Calendar
if the TimeZone
implementation subclass supports historical GMT offset changes.
public static final int DST_OFFSET
get
and set
indicating the daylight saving offset in milliseconds. This field reflects the correct daylight saving offset value of the time zone of this Calendar
if the TimeZone
implementation subclass supports historical Daylight Saving Time schedule changes.
public static final int FIELD_COUNT
get
and set
. Field numbers range from 0..FIELD_COUNT-1
.public static final int SUNDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Sunday.public static final int MONDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Monday.public static final int TUESDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Tuesday.public static final int WEDNESDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Wednesday.public static final int THURSDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Thursday.public static final int FRIDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Friday.public static final int SATURDAY
DAY_OF_WEEK
field indicating Saturday.public static final int JANUARY
MONTH
field indicating the first month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int FEBRUARY
MONTH
field indicating the second month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int MARCH
MONTH
field indicating the third month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int APRIL
MONTH
field indicating the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int MAY
MONTH
field indicating the fifth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int JUNE
MONTH
field indicating the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int JULY
MONTH
field indicating the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int AUGUST
MONTH
field indicating the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int SEPTEMBER
MONTH
field indicating the ninth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int OCTOBER
MONTH
field indicating the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int NOVEMBER
MONTH
field indicating the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int DECEMBER
MONTH
field indicating the twelfth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars.public static final int UNDECIMBER
MONTH
field indicating the thirteenth month of the year. Although GregorianCalendar
does not use this value, lunar calendars do.public static final int AM
AM_PM
field indicating the period of the day from midnight to just before noon.public static final int PM
AM_PM
field indicating the period of the day from noon to just before midnight.public static final int ALL_STYLES
getDisplayNames
indicating names in all styles, such as "January" and "Jan".public static final int SHORT
public static final int LONG
public static final int NARROW_FORMAT
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a narrow name used for format. Narrow names are typically single character strings, such as "M" for Monday.public static final int NARROW_STANDALONE
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a narrow name independently. Narrow names are typically single character strings, such as "M" for Monday.public static final int SHORT_FORMAT
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a short name used for format.public static final int LONG_FORMAT
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a long name used for format.public static final int SHORT_STANDALONE
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a short name used independently, such as a month abbreviation as calendar headers.public static final int LONG_STANDALONE
getDisplayName
and getDisplayNames
indicating a long name used independently, such as a month name as calendar headers.protected int[] fields
FIELD_COUNT
integers, with index values ERA
through DST_OFFSET
.protected boolean[] isSet
FIELD_COUNT
booleans, with index values ERA
through DST_OFFSET
.protected long time
protected boolean isTimeSet
time
is valid. The time is made invalid by a change to an item of field[]
.protected boolean areFieldsSet
fields[]
are in sync with the currently set time. If false, then the next attempt to get the value of a field will force a recomputation of all fields from the current value of time
.protected Calendar()
FORMAT
locale.protected Calendar(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
zone
- the time zone to useaLocale
- the locale for the week datapublic static Calendar getInstance()
Calendar
returned is based on the current time in the default time zone with the default FORMAT
locale. If the locale contains the time zone with "tz" Unicode extension, that time zone is used instead.
public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone)
Calendar
returned is based on the current time in the given time zone with the default FORMAT
locale.zone
- the time zone to useNullPointerException
- if zone
is null
public static Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale)
Calendar
returned is based on the current time in the default time zone with the given locale. If the locale contains the time zone with "tz" Unicode extension, that time zone is used instead.
aLocale
- the locale for the week dataNullPointerException
- if aLocale
is null
public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
Calendar
returned is based on the current time in the given time zone with the given locale.zone
- the time zone to useaLocale
- the locale for the week dataNullPointerException
- if zone
or aLocale
is null
public static Locale[] getAvailableLocales()
getInstance
methods of this class can return localized instances. At a minimum, the returned array must contain a Locale
instance equal to Locale.ROOT
and a Locale
instance equal to Locale.US
.Calendar
instances are available.protected abstract void computeTime()
protected abstract void computeFields()
time
to calendar field values in fields[]
. This allows you to sync up the calendar field values with a new time that is set for the calendar. The time is not recomputed first; to recompute the time, then the fields, call the complete()
method.public final Date getTime()
Date
representing the time value.public final void setTime(Date date)
Date
. Note: Calling setTime()
with Date(Long.MAX_VALUE)
or Date(Long.MIN_VALUE)
may yield incorrect field values from get()
.
date
- the given Date.NullPointerException
- if date
is null
public long getTimeInMillis()
public void setTimeInMillis(long millis)
millis
- the new time in UTC milliseconds from the epoch.public int get(int field)
complete()
method, which process is calendar system dependent.field
- the given calendar field.IllegalArgumentException
- if this Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid values.protected final int internalGet(int field)
field
- the given calendar field.public void set(int field, int value)
field
- the given calendar field.value
- the value to be set for the given calendar field.public final void set(int year, int month, int date)
YEAR
, MONTH
, and DAY_OF_MONTH
. Previous values of other calendar fields are retained. If this is not desired, call clear()
first.year
- the value used to set the YEAR
calendar field.month
- the value used to set the MONTH
calendar field. Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.date
- the value used to set the DAY_OF_MONTH
calendar field.public final void set(int year, int month, int date, int hourOfDay, int minute)
YEAR
, MONTH
, DAY_OF_MONTH
, HOUR_OF_DAY
, and MINUTE
. Previous values of other fields are retained. If this is not desired, call clear()
first.year
- the value used to set the YEAR
calendar field.month
- the value used to set the MONTH
calendar field. Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.date
- the value used to set the DAY_OF_MONTH
calendar field.hourOfDay
- the value used to set the HOUR_OF_DAY
calendar field.minute
- the value used to set the MINUTE
calendar field.public final void set(int year, int month, int date, int hourOfDay, int minute, int second)
YEAR
, MONTH
, DAY_OF_MONTH
, HOUR_OF_DAY
, MINUTE
, and SECOND
. Previous values of other fields are retained. If this is not desired, call clear()
first.year
- the value used to set the YEAR
calendar field.month
- the value used to set the MONTH
calendar field. Month value is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.date
- the value used to set the DAY_OF_MONTH
calendar field.hourOfDay
- the value used to set the HOUR_OF_DAY
calendar field.minute
- the value used to set the MINUTE
calendar field.second
- the value used to set the SECOND
calendar field.public final void clear()
Calendar
undefined. This means that isSet()
will return false
for all the calendar fields, and the date and time calculations will treat the fields as if they had never been set. A Calendar
implementation class may use its specific default field values for date/time calculations. For example, GregorianCalendar
uses 1970 if the YEAR
field value is undefined.public final void clear(int field)
Calendar
undefined. This means that isSet(field)
will return false
, and the date and time calculations will treat the field as if it had never been set. A Calendar
implementation class may use the field's specific default value for date and time calculations. The HOUR_OF_DAY
, HOUR
and AM_PM
fields are handled independently and the the resolution rule for the time of day is applied. Clearing one of the fields doesn't reset the hour of day value of this Calendar
. Use set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0)
to reset the hour value.
field
- the calendar field to be cleared.public final boolean isSet(int field)
get
method call.field
- the calendar field to testtrue
if the given calendar field has a value set; false
otherwise.public String getDisplayName(int field, int style, Locale locale)
field
value in the given style
and locale
. If no string representation is applicable, null
is returned. This method calls get(field)
to get the calendar field
value if the string representation is applicable to the given calendar field
. For example, if this Calendar
is a GregorianCalendar
and its date is 2005-01-01, then the string representation of the MONTH
field would be "January" in the long style in an English locale or "Jan" in the short style. However, no string representation would be available for the DAY_OF_MONTH
field, and this method would return null
.
The default implementation supports the calendar fields for which a DateFormatSymbols
has names in the given locale
.
If there is no string representation of the Calendar
field
and the calendar is in non-lenient mode and any calendar fields have invalid values, null
is returned. If there is a string representation of the Calendar
field
and the calendar is in non-lenient mode and any calendar fields have invalid values, IllegalArgumentException
will be thrown.
field
- the calendar field for which the string representation is returnedstyle
- the style applied to the string representation; one of SHORT_FORMAT
(SHORT
), SHORT_STANDALONE
, LONG_FORMAT
(LONG
), LONG_STANDALONE
, NARROW_FORMAT
, or NARROW_STANDALONE
.locale
- the locale for the string representation (any calendar types specified by locale
are ignored)field
in the given style
, or null
if no string representation is applicable.IllegalArgumentException
- if field
or style
is invalid, or if this Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid valuesNullPointerException
- if locale
is nullpublic Map<String,Integer> getDisplayNames(int field, int style, Locale locale)
Map
containing all names of the calendar field
in the given style
and locale
and their corresponding field values. For example, if this Calendar
is a GregorianCalendar
, the returned map would contain "Jan" to JANUARY
, "Feb" to FEBRUARY
, and so on, in the short style in an English locale. Narrow names may not be unique due to use of single characters, such as "S" for Sunday and Saturday. In that case narrow names are not included in the returned Map
.
The values of other calendar fields may be taken into account to determine a set of display names. For example, if this Calendar
is a lunisolar calendar system and the year value given by the YEAR
field has a leap month, this method would return month names containing the leap month name, and month names are mapped to their values specific for the year.
The default implementation supports display names contained in a DateFormatSymbols
. For example, if field
is MONTH
and style
is ALL_STYLES
, this method returns a Map
containing all strings returned by DateFormatSymbols.getShortMonths()
and DateFormatSymbols.getMonths()
.
Unlike getDisplayName(int, int, Locale)
, this method will not throw an IllegalArgumentException
if the Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid values. Instead, this method will return either null
or a Map
.
field
- the calendar field for which the display names are returnedstyle
- the style applied to the string representation; one of SHORT_FORMAT
(SHORT
), SHORT_STANDALONE
, LONG_FORMAT
(LONG
), LONG_STANDALONE
, NARROW_FORMAT
, or NARROW_STANDALONE
locale
- the locale for the display namesMap
containing all display names in style
and locale
and their field values, or null
if no display names are defined for field
IllegalArgumentException
- if field
or style
is invalidNullPointerException
- if locale
is nullprotected void complete()
computeTime()
method is called if the time value (millisecond offset from the Epoch) has not been calculated from calendar field values. Then, the computeFields()
method is called to calculate all calendar field values.public static Set<String> getAvailableCalendarTypes()
Set
containing all calendar types supported by Calendar
in the runtime environment. The available calendar types can be used for the Unicode locale extensions. The Set
returned contains at least "gregory"
. The calendar types don't include aliases, such as "gregorian"
for "gregory"
.Set
containing all available calendar typespublic String getCalendarType()
Calendar
. Calendar types are defined by the Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) specification. The default implementation of this method returns the class name of this Calendar
instance. Any subclasses that implement LDML-defined calendar systems should override this method to return appropriate calendar types.
Calendar
instancepublic boolean equals(Object obj)
Calendar
to the specified Object
. The result is true
if and only if the argument is a Calendar
object of the same calendar system that represents the same time value (millisecond offset from the Epoch) under the same Calendar
parameters as this object. The Calendar
parameters are the values represented by the isLenient
, getFirstDayOfWeek
, getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek
and getTimeZone
methods. If there is any difference in those parameters between the two Calendar
s, this method returns false
.
Use the compareTo
method to compare only the time values.
public int hashCode()
public boolean before(Object when)
Calendar
represents a time before the time represented by the specified Object
. This method is equivalent to:
compareTo(when) < 0
if and only if when
is a Calendar
instance. Otherwise, the method returns false
.when
- the Object
to be comparedtrue
if the time of this Calendar
is before the time represented by when
; false
otherwise.public boolean after(Object when)
Calendar
represents a time after the time represented by the specified Object
. This method is equivalent to:
compareTo(when) > 0
if and only if when
is a Calendar
instance. Otherwise, the method returns false
.when
- the Object
to be comparedtrue
if the time of this Calendar
is after the time represented by when
; false
otherwise.public int compareTo(Calendar anotherCalendar)
Calendar
objects.compareTo
in interface Comparable<Calendar>
anotherCalendar
- the Calendar
to be compared.0
if the time represented by the argument is equal to the time represented by this Calendar
; a value less than 0
if the time of this Calendar
is before the time represented by the argument; and a value greater than 0
if the time of this Calendar
is after the time represented by the argument.NullPointerException
- if the specified Calendar
is null
.IllegalArgumentException
- if the time value of the specified Calendar
object can't be obtained due to any invalid calendar values.public abstract void add(int field, int amount)
add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -5)
.
field
- the calendar field.amount
- the amount of date or time to be added to the field.IllegalArgumentException
- if this Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid values or if field
is ZONE_OFFSET
, DST_OFFSET
, or unknown.public abstract void roll(int field, boolean up)
roll(Calendar.DATE, true). When rolling on the year or Calendar.YEAR field, it will roll the year value in the range between 1 and the value returned by calling getMaximum(Calendar.YEAR)
. When rolling on the month or Calendar.MONTH field, other fields like date might conflict and, need to be changed. For instance, rolling the month on the date 01/31/96 will result in 02/29/96. When rolling on the hour-in-day or Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY field, it will roll the hour value in the range between 0 and 23, which is zero-based.
field
- the time field.up
- indicates if the value of the specified time field is to be rolled up or rolled down. Use true if rolling up, false otherwise.IllegalArgumentException
- if this Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid values or if field
is ZONE_OFFSET
, DST_OFFSET
, or unknown.public void roll(int field, int amount)
NOTE: This default implementation on Calendar
just repeatedly calls the version of roll()
that rolls by one unit. This may not always do the right thing. For example, if the DAY_OF_MONTH
field is 31, rolling through February will leave it set to 28. The GregorianCalendar
version of this function takes care of this problem. Other subclasses should also provide overrides of this function that do the right thing.
field
- the calendar field.amount
- the signed amount to add to the calendar field
.IllegalArgumentException
- if this Calendar
is non-lenient and any of the calendar fields have invalid values or if field
is ZONE_OFFSET
, DST_OFFSET
, or unknown.public void setTimeZone(TimeZone value)
value
- the given time zone.public TimeZone getTimeZone()
public void setLenient(boolean lenient)
lenient
- true
if the lenient mode is to be turned on; false
if it is to be turned off.public boolean isLenient()
true
if the interpretation mode of this calendar is lenient; false
otherwise.public void setFirstDayOfWeek(int value)
SUNDAY
in the U.S., MONDAY
in France.value
- the given first day of the week.public int getFirstDayOfWeek()
SUNDAY
in the U.S., MONDAY
in France.public void setMinimalDaysInFirstWeek(int value)
value
- the given minimal days required in the first week of the year.public int getMinimalDaysInFirstWeek()
public boolean isWeekDateSupported()
Calendar
supports week dates. The default implementation of this method returns false
.
true
if this Calendar
supports week dates; false
otherwise.public int getWeekYear()
Calendar
. The week year is in sync with the week cycle. The first day of the first week is the first day of the week year. The default implementation of this method throws an UnsupportedOperationException
.
Calendar
UnsupportedOperationException
- if any week year numbering isn't supported in this Calendar
.public void setWeekDate(int weekYear, int weekOfYear, int dayOfWeek)
Calendar
with the given date specifiers - week year, week of year, and day of week. Unlike the set
method, all of the calendar fields and time
values are calculated upon return.
If weekOfYear
is out of the valid week-of-year range in weekYear
, the weekYear
and
weekOfYear
values are adjusted in lenient mode, or an
IllegalArgumentException
is thrown in non-lenient mode.
The default implementation of this method throws an UnsupportedOperationException
.
weekYear
- the week yearweekOfYear
- the week number based on weekYear
dayOfWeek
- the day of week value: one of the constants for the DAY_OF_WEEK
field: SUNDAY
, ..., SATURDAY
.IllegalArgumentException
- if any of the given date specifiers is invalid or any of the calendar fields are inconsistent with the given date specifiers in non-lenient modeUnsupportedOperationException
- if any week year numbering isn't supported in this Calendar
.public int getWeeksInWeekYear()
Calendar
. The default implementation of this method throws an UnsupportedOperationException
.
UnsupportedOperationException
- if any week year numbering isn't supported in this Calendar
.public abstract int getMinimum(int field)
Calendar
instance. The minimum value is defined as the smallest value returned by the get
method for any possible time value. The minimum value depends on calendar system specific parameters of the instance.field
- the calendar field.public abstract int getMaximum(int field)
Calendar
instance. The maximum value is defined as the largest value returned by the get
method for any possible time value. The maximum value depends on calendar system specific parameters of the instance.field
- the calendar field.public abstract int getGreatestMinimum(int field)
Calendar
instance. The highest minimum value is defined as the largest value returned by getActualMinimum(int)
for any possible time value. The greatest minimum value depends on calendar system specific parameters of the instance.field
- the calendar field.public abstract int getLeastMaximum(int field)
Calendar
instance. The lowest maximum value is defined as the smallest value returned by getActualMaximum(int)
for any possible time value. The least maximum value depends on calendar system specific parameters of the instance. For example, a Calendar
for the Gregorian calendar system returns 28 for the DAY_OF_MONTH
field, because the 28th is the last day of the shortest month of this calendar, February in a common year.field
- the calendar field.public int getActualMinimum(int field)
Calendar
. The default implementation of this method uses an iterative algorithm to determine the actual minimum value for the calendar field. Subclasses should, if possible, override this with a more efficient implementation - in many cases, they can simply return getMinimum()
.
field
- the calendar fieldCalendar
public int getActualMaximum(int field)
Calendar
. For example, the actual maximum value of the MONTH
field is 12 in some years, and 13 in other years in the Hebrew calendar system. The default implementation of this method uses an iterative algorithm to determine the actual maximum value for the calendar field. Subclasses should, if possible, override this with a more efficient implementation.
field
- the calendar fieldCalendar
public Object clone()
public String toString()
null
.public final Instant toInstant()
Instant
. The conversion creates an Instant
that represents the same point on the time-line as this Calendar
.
© 1993, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Documentation extracted from Debian's OpenJDK Development Kit package.
Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2, with the Classpath Exception.
Various third party code in OpenJDK is licensed under different licenses (see Debian package).
Java and OpenJDK are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/java/util/Calendar.html