# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 54
def concat(string)
  output_buffer << string
end

The preferred method of outputting text in your views is to use the <%= “text” %> eRuby syntax. The regular puts and print methods do not operate as expected in an eRuby code block. If you absolutely must output text within a non-output code block (i.e., <% %>), you can use the concat method.

<%
    concat "hello"
    # is the equivalent of <%= "hello" %>

    if logged_in
      concat "Logged in!"
    else
      concat link_to('login', action: :login)
    end
    # will either display "Logged in!" or a login link
%>

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 378
def current_cycle(name = "default")
  cycle = get_cycle(name)
  cycle.current_value if cycle
end

Returns the current cycle string after a cycle has been started. Useful for complex table highlighting or any other design need which requires the current cycle string in more than one place.

# Alternate background colors
@items = [1,2,3,4]
<% @items.each do |item| %>
  <div style="background-color:<%= cycle("red","white","blue") %>">
    <span style="background-color:<%= current_cycle %>"><%= item %></span>
  </div>
<% end %>

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 354
def cycle(first_value, *values)
  options = values.extract_options!
  name = options.fetch(:name, "default")

  values.unshift(*first_value)

  cycle = get_cycle(name)
  unless cycle && cycle.values == values
    cycle = set_cycle(name, Cycle.new(*values))
  end
  cycle.to_s
end

Creates a Cycle object whose to_s method cycles through elements of an array every time it is called. This can be used for example, to alternate classes for table rows. You can use named cycles to allow nesting in loops. Passing a Hash as the last parameter with a :name key will create a named cycle. The default name for a cycle without a :name key is "default". You can manually reset a cycle by calling #reset_cycle and passing the name of the cycle. The current cycle string can be obtained anytime using the #current_cycle method.

 # Alternate CSS classes for even and odd numbers...
 @items = [1,2,3,4]
 <table>
 <% @items.each do |item| %>
   <tr class="<%= cycle("odd", "even") -%>">
     <td><%= item %></td>
   </tr>
 <% end %>
 </table>

 # Cycle CSS classes for rows, and text colors for values within each row
 @items = x = [{first: 'Robert', middle: 'Daniel', last: 'James'},
              {first: 'Emily', middle: 'Shannon', maiden: 'Pike', last: 'Hicks'},
             {first: 'June', middle: 'Dae', last: 'Jones'}]
 <% @items.each do |item| %>
   <tr class="<%= cycle("odd", "even", name: "row_class") -%>">
     <td>
       <% item.values.each do |value| %>
         <%# Create a named cycle "colors" %>
         <span style="color:<%= cycle("red", "green", "blue", name: "colors") -%>">
           <%= value %>
         </span>
       <% end %>
       <% reset_cycle("colors") %>
     </td>
  </tr>
<% end %>

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 175
def excerpt(text, phrase, options = {})
  return unless text && phrase

  separator = options.fetch(:separator, nil) || ""
  case phrase
  when Regexp
    regex = phrase
  else
    regex = /#{Regexp.escape(phrase)}/i
  end

  return unless matches = text.match(regex)
  phrase = matches[0]

  unless separator.empty?
    text.split(separator).each do |value|
      if value.match?(regex)
        phrase = value
        break
      end
    end
  end

  first_part, second_part = text.split(phrase, 2)

  prefix, first_part   = cut_excerpt_part(:first, first_part, separator, options)
  postfix, second_part = cut_excerpt_part(:second, second_part, separator, options)

  affix = [first_part, separator, phrase, separator, second_part].join.strip
  [prefix, affix, postfix].join
end

Extracts an excerpt from text that matches the first instance of phrase. The :radius option expands the excerpt on each side of the first occurrence of phrase by the number of characters defined in :radius (which defaults to 100). If the excerpt radius overflows the beginning or end of the text, then the :omission option (which defaults to “…”) will be prepended/appended accordingly. Use the :separator option to choose the delimitation. The resulting string will be stripped in any case. If the phrase isn't found, nil is returned.

excerpt('This is an example', 'an', radius: 5)
# => ...s is an exam...

excerpt('This is an example', 'is', radius: 5)
# => This is a...

excerpt('This is an example', 'is')
# => This is an example

excerpt('This next thing is an example', 'ex', radius: 2)
# => ...next...

excerpt('This is also an example', 'an', radius: 8, omission: '<chop> ')
# => <chop> is also an example

excerpt('This is a very beautiful morning', 'very', separator: ' ', radius: 1)
# => ...a very beautiful...

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 132
def highlight(text, phrases, options = {})
  text = sanitize(text) if options.fetch(:sanitize, true)

  if text.blank? || phrases.blank?
    text || ""
  else
    match = Array(phrases).map do |p|
      Regexp === p ? p.to_s : Regexp.escape(p)
    end.join("|")

    if block_given?
      text.gsub(/(#{match})(?![^<]*?>)/i) { |found| yield found }
    else
      highlighter = options.fetch(:highlighter, '<mark>\1</mark>')
      text.gsub(/(#{match})(?![^<]*?>)/i, highlighter)
    end
  end.html_safe
end

Highlights one or more phrases everywhere in text by inserting it into a :highlighter string. The highlighter can be specialized by passing :highlighter as a single-quoted string with \1 where the phrase is to be inserted (defaults to '<mark>1</mark>') or passing a block that receives each matched term. By default text is sanitized to prevent possible XSS attacks. If the input is trustworthy, passing false for :sanitize will turn sanitizing off.

highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails')
# => You searched for: <mark>rails</mark>

highlight('You searched for: rails', /for|rails/)
# => You searched <mark>for</mark>: <mark>rails</mark>

highlight('You searched for: ruby, rails, dhh', 'actionpack')
# => You searched for: ruby, rails, dhh

highlight('You searched for: rails', ['for', 'rails'], highlighter: '<em>\1</em>')
# => You searched <em>for</em>: <em>rails</em>

highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails', highlighter: '<a href="search?q=\1">\1</a>')
# => You searched for: <a href="search?q=rails">rails</a>

highlight('You searched for: rails', 'rails') { |match| link_to(search_path(q: match, match)) }
# => You searched for: <a href="search?q=rails">rails</a>

highlight('<a href="javascript:alert(\'no!\')">ruby</a> on rails', 'rails', sanitize: false)
# => <a href="javascript:alert('no!')">ruby</a> on <mark>rails</mark>

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 230
def pluralize(count, singular, plural_arg = nil, plural: plural_arg, locale: I18n.locale)
  word = if count == 1 || count.to_s =~ /^1(\.0+)?$/
    singular
  else
    plural || singular.pluralize(locale)
  end

  "#{count || 0} #{word}"
end

Attempts to pluralize the singular word unless count is 1. If plural is supplied, it will use that when count is > 1, otherwise it will use the Inflector to determine the plural form for the given locale, which defaults to I18n.locale

The word will be pluralized using rules defined for the locale (you must define your own inflection rules for languages other than English). See ActiveSupport::Inflector#pluralize

pluralize(1, 'person')
# => 1 person

pluralize(2, 'person')
# => 2 people

pluralize(3, 'person', plural: 'users')
# => 3 users

pluralize(0, 'person')
# => 0 people

pluralize(2, 'Person', locale: :de)
# => 2 Personen

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 401
def reset_cycle(name = "default")
  cycle = get_cycle(name)
  cycle.reset if cycle
end

Resets a cycle so that it starts from the first element the next time it is called. Pass in name to reset a named cycle.

# Alternate CSS classes for even and odd numbers...
@items = [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,3], [3,4,5,6,7,4]]
<table>
<% @items.each do |item| %>
  <tr class="<%= cycle("even", "odd") -%>">
      <% item.each do |value| %>
        <span style="color:<%= cycle("#333", "#666", "#999", name: "colors") -%>">
          <%= value %>
        </span>
      <% end %>

      <% reset_cycle("colors") %>
  </tr>
<% end %>
</table>

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 302
def simple_format(text, html_options = {}, options = {})
  wrapper_tag = options.fetch(:wrapper_tag, :p)

  text = sanitize(text) if options.fetch(:sanitize, true)
  paragraphs = split_paragraphs(text)

  if paragraphs.empty?
    content_tag(wrapper_tag, nil, html_options)
  else
    paragraphs.map! { |paragraph|
      content_tag(wrapper_tag, raw(paragraph), html_options)
    }.join("\n\n").html_safe
  end
end

Returns text transformed into HTML using simple formatting rules. Two or more consecutive newlines(\n\n or \r\n\r\n) are considered a paragraph and wrapped in <p> tags. One newline (\n or \r\n) is considered a linebreak and a <br /> tag is appended. This method does not remove the newlines from the text.

You can pass any HTML attributes into html_options. These will be added to all created paragraphs.

Options

• :sanitize - If false, does not sanitize text.

• :wrapper_tag - String representing the wrapper tag, defaults to "p"

Examples

my_text = "Here is some basic text...\n...with a line break."

simple_format(my_text)
# => "<p>Here is some basic text...\n<br />...with a line break.</p>"

simple_format(my_text, {}, wrapper_tag: "div")
# => "<div>Here is some basic text...\n<br />...with a line break.</div>"

more_text = "We want to put a paragraph...\n\n...right there."

simple_format(more_text)
# => "<p>We want to put a paragraph...</p>\n\n<p>...right there.</p>"

simple_format("Look ma! A class!", class: 'description')
# => "<p class='description'>Look ma! A class!</p>"

simple_format("<blink>Unblinkable.</blink>")
# => "<p>Unblinkable.</p>"

simple_format("<blink>Blinkable!</blink> It's true.", {}, sanitize: false)
# => "<p><blink>Blinkable!</blink> It's true.</p>"

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 94
def truncate(text, options = {}, &block)
  if text
    length  = options.fetch(:length, 30)

    content = text.truncate(length, options)
    content = options[:escape] == false ? content.html_safe : ERB::Util.html_escape(content)
    content << capture(&block) if block_given? && text.length > length
    content
  end
end

Truncates a given text after a given :length if text is longer than :length (defaults to 30). The last characters will be replaced with the :omission (defaults to “…”) for a total length not exceeding :length.

Pass a :separator to truncate text at a natural break.

Pass a block if you want to show extra content when the text is truncated.

The result is marked as HTML-safe, but it is escaped by default, unless :escape is false. Care should be taken if text contains HTML tags or entities, because truncation may produce invalid HTML (such as unbalanced or incomplete tags).

truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away")
# => "Once upon a time in a world..."

truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away", length: 17)
# => "Once upon a ti..."

truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away", length: 17, separator: ' ')
# => "Once upon a..."

truncate("And they found that many people were sleeping better.", length: 25, omission: '... (continued)')
# => "And they f... (continued)"

truncate("<p>Once upon a time in a world far far away</p>")
# => "&lt;p&gt;Once upon a time in a wo..."

truncate("<p>Once upon a time in a world far far away</p>", escape: false)
# => "<p>Once upon a time in a wo..."

truncate("Once upon a time in a world far far away") { link_to "Continue", "#" }
# => "Once upon a time in a wo...<a href="#">Continue</a>"

# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/text_helper.rb, line 260
def word_wrap(text, line_width: 80, break_sequence: "\n")
  text.split("\n").collect! do |line|
    line.length > line_width ? line.gsub(/(.{1,#{line_width}})(\s+|$)/, "\\1#{break_sequence}").rstrip : line
  end * break_sequence
end

Wraps the text into lines no longer than line_width width. This method breaks on the first whitespace character that does not exceed line_width (which is 80 by default).

word_wrap('Once upon a time')
# => Once upon a time

word_wrap('Once upon a time, in a kingdom called Far Far Away, a king fell ill, and finding a successor to the throne turned out to be more trouble than anyone could have imagined...')
# => Once upon a time, in a kingdom called Far Far Away, a king fell ill, and finding\na successor to the throne turned out to be more trouble than anyone could have\nimagined...

word_wrap('Once upon a time', line_width: 8)
# => Once\nupon a\ntime

word_wrap('Once upon a time', line_width: 1)
# => Once\nupon\na\ntime

You can also specify a custom +break_sequence+ ("\n" by default)

word_wrap('Once upon a time', line_width: 1, break_sequence: "\r\n")
# => Once\r\nupon\r\na\r\ntime