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SVM: Separating hyperplane for unbalanced classes

Find the optimal separating hyperplane using an SVC for classes that are unbalanced.

We first find the separating plane with a plain SVC and then plot (dashed) the separating hyperplane with automatically correction for unbalanced classes.

Note

This example will also work by replacing SVC(kernel="linear") with SGDClassifier(loss="hinge"). Setting the loss parameter of the SGDClassifier equal to hinge will yield behaviour such as that of a SVC with a linear kernel.

For example try instead of the SVC:

clf = SGDClassifier(n_iter=100, alpha=0.01)

# Authors: The scikit-learn developers
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn import svm
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.inspection import DecisionBoundaryDisplay

# we create two clusters of random points
n_samples_1 = 1000
n_samples_2 = 100
centers = [[0.0, 0.0], [2.0, 2.0]]
clusters_std = [1.5, 0.5]
X, y = make_blobs(
    n_samples=[n_samples_1, n_samples_2],
    centers=centers,
    cluster_std=clusters_std,
    random_state=0,
    shuffle=False,
)

# fit the model and get the separating hyperplane
clf = svm.SVC(kernel="linear", C=1.0)
clf.fit(X, y)

# fit the model and get the separating hyperplane using weighted classes
wclf = svm.SVC(kernel="linear", class_weight={1: 10})
wclf.fit(X, y)

# plot the samples
plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, cmap=plt.cm.Paired, edgecolors="k")

# plot the decision functions for both classifiers
ax = plt.gca()
disp = DecisionBoundaryDisplay.from_estimator(
    clf,
    X,
    plot_method="contour",
    colors="k",
    levels=[0],
    alpha=0.5,
    linestyles=["-"],
    ax=ax,
)

# plot decision boundary and margins for weighted classes
wdisp = DecisionBoundaryDisplay.from_estimator(
    wclf,
    X,
    plot_method="contour",
    colors="r",
    levels=[0],
    alpha=0.5,
    linestyles=["-"],
    ax=ax,
)

plt.legend(
    [
        mlines.Line2D([], [], color="k", label="non weighted"),
        mlines.Line2D([], [], color="r", label="weighted"),
    ],
    ["non weighted", "weighted"],
    loc="upper right",
)
plt.show()

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 0.170 seconds)

Related examples

SVM: Maximum margin separating hyperplane

SGD: Maximum margin separating hyperplane

Plot different SVM classifiers in the iris dataset

Plot the support vectors in LinearSVC

© 2007–2025 The scikit-learn developers
Licensed under the 3-clause BSD License.
https://scikit-learn.org/1.6/auto_examples/svm/plot_separating_hyperplane_unbalanced.html