exp, expf, expl

float       expf( float arg );

double      exp( double arg );

long double expl( long double arg );

#define exp( arg )

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, the base-e exponential of arg (earg
) is returned.

If a range error due to overflow occurs, +HUGE_VAL, +HUGE_VALF, or +HUGE_VALL is returned.

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If the argument is ±0, 1 is returned
• If the argument is -∞, +0 is returned
• If the argument is +∞, +∞ is returned
• If the argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

For IEEE-compatible type double, overflow is guaranteed if 709.8 < arg, and underflow is guaranteed if arg < -708.4.

Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    printf("exp(1) = %f\n", exp(1));
    printf("FV of $100, continuously compounded at 3%% for 1 year = %f\n",
            100*exp(0.03));
    // special values
    printf("exp(-0) = %f\n", exp(-0.0));
    printf("exp(-Inf) = %f\n", exp(-INFINITY));
    //error handling
    errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    printf("exp(710) = %f\n", exp(710));
    if(errno == ERANGE) perror("    errno == ERANGE");
    if(fetestexcept(FE_OVERFLOW)) puts("    FE_OVERFLOW raised");
}

exp(1) = 2.718282
FV of $100, continuously compounded at 3% for 1 year = 103.045453
exp(-0) = 1.000000
exp(-Inf) = 0.000000
exp(710) = inf
    errno == ERANGE: Numerical result out of range
    FE_OVERFLOW raised

References

• C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
• 7.12.6.1 The exp functions (p: 175)
• 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 272-273)
• F.10.3.1 The exp functions (p: 379)
• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
• 7.12.6.1 The exp functions (p: 242)
• 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)
• F.10.3.1 The exp functions (p: 520)
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
• 7.12.6.1 The exp functions (p: 223)
• 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)
• F.9.3.1 The exp functions (p: 458)
• C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
• 4.5.4.1 The exp function

See also