std::ranges::sort_heap

template< std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
          class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity >
requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
constexpr I
    sort_heap( I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

template< ranges::random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less,
          class Proj = std::identity >
requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
    sort_heap( R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

Converts the max heap [first, last) into a sorted range in ascending order. The resulting range no longer has the heap property.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids, that is:

• Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
• None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup.
• When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

In practice, they may be implemented as function objects, or with special compiler extensions.

Parameters

Return value

An iterator equal to last.

Complexity

Given N = ranges::distance(first, last), at most \(\scriptsize 2N\log{(N)}\)2Nlog(N) comparisons and \(\scriptsize 4N\log{(N)}\)4Nlog(N) projections.

Notes

A max heap is a range of elements [f, l), arranged with respect to comparator comp and projection proj, that has the following properties:

• With N = l - f, p = f[(i - 1) / 2], and q = f[i], for all 0 < i < N, the expression std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, p), std::invoke(proj, q)) evaluates to false.
• A new element can be added using ranges::push_heap, in \(\scriptsize \mathcal{O}(\log N)\)𝓞(log N) time.
• The first element can be removed using ranges::pop_heap, in \(\scriptsize \mathcal{O}(\log N)\)𝓞(log N) time.

Possible implementation

struct sort_heap_fn
{
    template<std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr I
        operator()(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        auto ret {ranges::next(first, last)};
        for (; first != last; --last)
            ranges::pop_heap(first, last, comp, proj);
        return ret;
    }
 
    template<ranges::random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }
};
 
inline constexpr sort_heap_fn sort_heap {};

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
 
void print(auto const& rem, auto const& v)
{
    std::cout << rem;
    for (const auto i : v)
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    std::array v {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};
    print("original array:  ", v);
 
    std::ranges::make_heap(v);
    print("after make_heap: ", v);
 
    std::ranges::sort_heap(v);
    print("after sort_heap: ", v);
}

original array:  3 1 4 1 5 9
after make_heap: 9 5 4 1 1 3
after sort_heap: 1 1 3 4 5 9

See also