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Character Classes

Below is a table of the classes you can use in a character alternative, and what they mean. Note that the ‘[’ and ‘]’ characters that enclose the class name are part of the name, so a regular expression using these classes needs one more pair of brackets. For example, a regular expression matching a sequence of one or more letters and digits would be ‘[[:alnum:]]+’, not ‘[:alnum:]+’.

‘[:ascii:]’

This matches any ASCII character (codes 0–127).

‘[:alnum:]’

This matches any letter or digit. For multibyte characters, it matches characters whose Unicode ‘general-category’ property (see Character Properties) indicates they are alphabetic or decimal number characters.

‘[:alpha:]’

This matches any letter. For multibyte characters, it matches characters whose Unicode ‘general-category’ property (see Character Properties) indicates they are alphabetic characters.

‘[:blank:]’

This matches horizontal whitespace, as defined by Annex C of the Unicode Technical Standard #18. In particular, it matches spaces, tabs, and other characters whose Unicode ‘general-category’ property (see Character Properties) indicates they are spacing separators.

‘[:cntrl:]’

This matches any character whose code is in the range 0–31.

‘[:digit:]’

This matches ‘0’ through ‘9’. Thus, ‘[-+[:digit:]]’ matches any digit, as well as ‘+’ and ‘-’.

‘[:graph:]’

This matches graphic characters—everything except whitespace, ASCII and non-ASCII control characters, surrogates, and codepoints unassigned by Unicode, as indicated by the Unicode ‘general-category’ property (see Character Properties).

‘[:lower:]’

This matches any lower-case letter, as determined by the current case table (see Case Tables). If case-fold-search is non-nil, this also matches any upper-case letter.

‘[:multibyte:]’

This matches any multibyte character (see Text Representations).

‘[:nonascii:]’

This matches any non-ASCII character.

‘[:print:]’

This matches any printing character—either whitespace, or a graphic character matched by ‘[:graph:]’.

‘[:punct:]’

This matches any punctuation character. (At present, for multibyte characters, it matches anything that has non-word syntax.)

‘[:space:]’

This matches any character that has whitespace syntax (see Syntax Class Table).

‘[:unibyte:]’

This matches any unibyte character (see Text Representations).

‘[:upper:]’

This matches any upper-case letter, as determined by the current case table (see Case Tables). If case-fold-search is non-nil, this also matches any lower-case letter.

‘[:word:]’

This matches any character that has word syntax (see Syntax Class Table).

‘[:xdigit:]’

This matches the hexadecimal digits: ‘0’ through ‘9’, ‘a’ through ‘f’ and ‘A’ through ‘F’.