Topic extraction with Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Latent Dirichlet Allocation

This is an example of applying sklearn.decomposition.NMF and sklearn.decomposition.LatentDirichletAllocation on a corpus of documents and extract additive models of the topic structure of the corpus. The output is a list of topics, each represented as a list of terms (weights are not shown).

Non-negative Matrix Factorization is applied with two different objective functions: the Frobenius norm, and the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence. The latter is equivalent to Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing.

The default parameters (n_samples / n_features / n_components) should make the example runnable in a couple of tens of seconds. You can try to increase the dimensions of the problem, but be aware that the time complexity is polynomial in NMF. In LDA, the time complexity is proportional to (n_samples * iterations).

Out:

Loading dataset...
done in 15.982s.
Extracting tf-idf features for NMF...
done in 0.357s.
Extracting tf features for LDA...
done in 0.356s.

Fitting the NMF model (Frobenius norm) with tf-idf features, n_samples=2000 and n_features=1000...
done in 0.438s.

Topics in NMF model (Frobenius norm):
Topic #0: just people don think like know time good make way really say right ve want did ll new use years
Topic #1: windows use dos using window program os drivers application help software pc running ms screen files version card code work
Topic #2: god jesus bible faith christian christ christians does heaven sin believe lord life church mary atheism belief human love religion
Topic #3: thanks know does mail advance hi info interested email anybody looking card help like appreciated information send list video need
Topic #4: car cars tires miles 00 new engine insurance price condition oil power speed good 000 brake year models used bought
Topic #5: edu soon com send university internet mit ftp mail cc pub article information hope program mac email home contact blood
Topic #6: file problem files format win sound ftp pub read save site help image available create copy running memory self version
Topic #7: game team games year win play season players nhl runs goal hockey toronto division flyers player defense leafs bad teams
Topic #8: drive drives hard disk floppy software card mac computer power scsi controller apple mb 00 pc rom sale problem internal
Topic #9: key chip clipper keys encryption government public use secure enforcement phone nsa communications law encrypted security clinton used legal standard

Fitting the NMF model (generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence) with tf-idf features, n_samples=2000 and n_features=1000...
done in 3.526s.

Topics in NMF model (generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence):
Topic #0: people just like time don say really know way things make think right said did want ve probably work years
Topic #1: windows thanks using help need hi work know use looking mail software does used pc video available running info advance
Topic #2: god does true read know say believe subject says religion mean question point jesus people book christian mind understand matter
Topic #3: thanks know like interested mail just want new send edu list does bike thing email reply post wondering hear heard
Topic #4: time new 10 year sale old offer 20 16 15 great 30 weeks good test model condition 11 14 power
Topic #5: use number com government new university data states information talk phone right including security provide control following long used research
Topic #6: edu try file soon remember problem com program hope mike space article wrong library short include win little couldn sun
Topic #7: year world team game play won win games season maybe case second does did series playing nhl fact said points
Topic #8: think don drive need hard make people mac read going pretty try sure order means trying apple case bit drives
Topic #9: just good use way got like ll doesn want sure don doing thought does wrong right better make stuff speed

Fitting LDA models with tf features, n_samples=2000 and n_features=1000...
done in 7.711s.

Topics in LDA model:
Topic #0: edu com mail send graphics ftp pub available contact university list faq ca information cs 1993 program sun uk mit
Topic #1: don like just know think ve way use right good going make sure ll point got need really time doesn
Topic #2: christian think atheism faith pittsburgh new bible radio games alt lot just religion like book read play time subject believe
Topic #3: drive disk windows thanks use card drives hard version pc software file using scsi help does new dos controller 16
Topic #4: hiv health aids disease april medical care research 1993 light information study national service test led 10 page new drug
Topic #5: god people does just good don jesus say israel way life know true fact time law want believe make think
Topic #6: 55 10 11 18 15 team game 19 period play 23 12 13 flyers 20 25 22 17 24 16
Topic #7: car year just cars new engine like bike good oil insurance better tires 000 thing speed model brake driving performance
Topic #8: people said did just didn know time like went think children came come don took years say dead told started
Topic #9: key space law government public use encryption earth section security moon probe enforcement keys states lunar military crime surface technology

# Author: Olivier Grisel <[email protected]>
#         Lars Buitinck
#         Chyi-Kwei Yau <[email protected]>
# License: BSD 3 clause

from __future__ import print_function
from time import time

from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer, CountVectorizer
from sklearn.decomposition import NMF, LatentDirichletAllocation
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups

n_samples = 2000
n_features = 1000
n_components = 10
n_top_words = 20


def print_top_words(model, feature_names, n_top_words):
    for topic_idx, topic in enumerate(model.components_):
        message = "Topic #%d: " % topic_idx
        message += " ".join([feature_names[i]
                             for i in topic.argsort()[:-n_top_words - 1:-1]])
        print(message)
    print()


# Load the 20 newsgroups dataset and vectorize it. We use a few heuristics
# to filter out useless terms early on: the posts are stripped of headers,
# footers and quoted replies, and common English words, words occurring in
# only one document or in at least 95% of the documents are removed.

print("Loading dataset...")
t0 = time()
dataset = fetch_20newsgroups(shuffle=True, random_state=1,
                             remove=('headers', 'footers', 'quotes'))
data_samples = dataset.data[:n_samples]
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))

# Use tf-idf features for NMF.
print("Extracting tf-idf features for NMF...")
tfidf_vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(max_df=0.95, min_df=2,
                                   max_features=n_features,
                                   stop_words='english')
t0 = time()
tfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.fit_transform(data_samples)
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))

# Use tf (raw term count) features for LDA.
print("Extracting tf features for LDA...")
tf_vectorizer = CountVectorizer(max_df=0.95, min_df=2,
                                max_features=n_features,
                                stop_words='english')
t0 = time()
tf = tf_vectorizer.fit_transform(data_samples)
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))
print()

# Fit the NMF model
print("Fitting the NMF model (Frobenius norm) with tf-idf features, "
      "n_samples=%d and n_features=%d..."
      % (n_samples, n_features))
t0 = time()
nmf = NMF(n_components=n_components, random_state=1,
          alpha=.1, l1_ratio=.5).fit(tfidf)
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))

print("\nTopics in NMF model (Frobenius norm):")
tfidf_feature_names = tfidf_vectorizer.get_feature_names()
print_top_words(nmf, tfidf_feature_names, n_top_words)

# Fit the NMF model
print("Fitting the NMF model (generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence) with "
      "tf-idf features, n_samples=%d and n_features=%d..."
      % (n_samples, n_features))
t0 = time()
nmf = NMF(n_components=n_components, random_state=1,
          beta_loss='kullback-leibler', solver='mu', max_iter=1000, alpha=.1,
          l1_ratio=.5).fit(tfidf)
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))

print("\nTopics in NMF model (generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence):")
tfidf_feature_names = tfidf_vectorizer.get_feature_names()
print_top_words(nmf, tfidf_feature_names, n_top_words)

print("Fitting LDA models with tf features, "
      "n_samples=%d and n_features=%d..."
      % (n_samples, n_features))
lda = LatentDirichletAllocation(n_components=n_components, max_iter=5,
                                learning_method='online',
                                learning_offset=50.,
                                random_state=0)
t0 = time()
lda.fit(tf)
print("done in %0.3fs." % (time() - t0))

print("\nTopics in LDA model:")
tf_feature_names = tf_vectorizer.get_feature_names()
print_top_words(lda, tf_feature_names, n_top_words)

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 28.380 seconds)

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