The repeat()
CSS function represents a repeated fragment of the track list, allowing a large number of columns or rows that exhibit a recurring pattern to be written in a more compact form.
The repeat()
CSS function represents a repeated fragment of the track list, allowing a large number of columns or rows that exhibit a recurring pattern to be written in a more compact form.
This function can be used in the CSS Grid properties grid-template-columns
and grid-template-rows
.
/* <track-repeat> values */ repeat(4, 1fr) repeat(4, [col-start] 250px [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] 60% [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] 1fr [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] min-content [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] max-content [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] auto [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] minmax(100px, 1fr) [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] fit-content(200px) [col-end]) repeat(4, 10px [col-start] 30% [col-middle] auto [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] min-content [col-middle] max-content [col-end]) /* <auto-repeat> values */ repeat(auto-fill, 250px) repeat(auto-fit, 250px) repeat(auto-fill, [col-start] 250px [col-end]) repeat(auto-fit, [col-start] 250px [col-end]) repeat(auto-fill, [col-start] minmax(100px, 1fr) [col-end]) repeat(auto-fill, 10px [col-start] 30% [col-middle] 400px [col-end]) /* <fixed-repeat> values */ repeat(4, 250px) repeat(4, [col-start] 250px [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] 60% [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] minmax(100px, 1fr) [col-end]) repeat(4, [col-start] fit-content(200px) [col-end]) repeat(4, 10px [col-start] 30% [col-middle] 400px [col-end])
The repeat()
function takes two arguments:
auto-fill
or auto-fit
. These keyword values repeat the set of tracks as many times as is needed to fill the grid container.<track-size>
value or a <fixed-size>
value. You can also specify one or more line names before or after each track, by providing <line-names>
values before and/or after the track size.If you use auto-fill
or auto-fit
to set the repeat count, you may only specify track sizes using the <fixed-size>
type, not the <track-size>
type. This give us three main syntax forms for repeat()
:
<track-repeat>
, which uses: <track-size>
values to set track sizes.<auto-repeat>
, which uses auto-fill
or auto-fit
to set the repeat count<fixed-size>
to set track sizes.<fixed-repeat>
, which uses: <fixed-size>
values to set track sizes.Then if a property declaration uses <auto-repeat>
, it is only allowed to use <fixed-repeat>
for any additional repeat()
calls. For example, this is invalid, because it combines the <auto-repeat>
form with the <track-repeat>
form:
.wrapper { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, 10px) repeat(2, minmax(min-content, max-content)); }
There is a fourth form, <name-repeat>
, which is used to add line names to subgrids. It only used with the subgrid
keyword and only specifies line names, not track sizes.
<fixed-size>
One of the following forms:
<length-percentage>
valueminmax()
function with: min
given as a <length-percentage>
valuemax
given as one of a <length-percentage>
value, a <flex>
value, or one of the following keywords: min-content
, max-content
, or auto
minmax()
function with: min
given as a <length-percentage>
value or one of the following keywords: min-content
, max-content
, or auto
max
given as a <length-percentage>
value.<flex>
A non-negative dimension with the unit fr
specifying the track's flex factor. Each <flex>
-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.
<length>
A positive integer length.
<line-names>
Zero or more <custom-ident>
values, space-separated and enclosed in square brackets, like this: [first header-start]
.
<percentage>
A non-negative percentage relative to the inline size of the grid container in column grid tracks, and the block size of the grid container in row grid tracks. If the size of the grid container depends on the size of its tracks, then the <percentage>
must be treated as auto
. The user-agent may adjust the intrinsic size contributions of the track to the size of the grid container and increase the final size of the track by the minimum amount that would result in honoring the percentage.
<track-size>
One of the following forms:
<length-percentage>
value, a <flex>
value, or one of the following keywords: min-content
, max-content
, or auto
minmax()
function with: min
given as a <length-percentage>
value, or one of the following keywords: min-content
, max-content
, or auto
max
given as a <length-percentage>
value, a <flex>
value, or one of the following keywords: min-content
, max-content
, or auto
fit-content()
function, passed a <length-percentage>
value.auto
As a maximum, identical to max-content
. As a minimum it represents the largest minimum size (as specified by min-width
/min-height
) of the grid items occupying the grid track.
auto-fill
If the grid container has a definite or maximal size in the relevant axis, then the number of repetitions is the largest possible positive integer that does not cause the grid to overflow its grid container. Treating each track as its maximal track sizing function (each independent value used to define grid-template-rows
or grid-template-columns
), if that is definite. Otherwise, as its minimum track sizing function, and taking grid-gap into account. If any number of repetitions would overflow, then the repetition is 1
. Otherwise, if the grid container has a definite minimal size in the relevant axis, the number of repetitions is the smallest possible positive integer that fulfills that minimum requirement. Otherwise, the specified track list repeats only once.
auto-fit
Behaves the same as auto-fill
, except that after placing the grid items any empty repeated tracks are collapsed. An empty track is one with no in-flow grid items placed into or spanning across it. (This can result in all tracks being collapsed, if they're all empty.)
A collapsed track is treated as having a single fixed track sizing function of 0px
, and the gutters on either side of it collapse.
For the purpose of finding the number of auto-repeated tracks, the user agent floors the track size to a user agent specified value (e.g., 1px
), to avoid division by zero.
max-content
Represents the largest max-content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.
min-content
Represents the largest min-content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.
<div id="container"> <div>This item is 50 pixels wide.</div> <div>Item with flexible width.</div> <div>This item is 50 pixels wide.</div> <div>Item with flexible width.</div> <div>Inflexible item of 100 pixels width.</div> </div>
#container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 50px 1fr) 100px; grid-gap: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 200px; width: 100%; background-color: #8cffa0; padding: 10px; } #container > div { background-color: #8ca0ff; padding: 5px; }
Specification |
---|
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2 # repeat-notation |
Desktop | Mobile | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chrome | Edge | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari | WebView Android | Chrome Android | Firefox for Android | Opera Android | Safari on IOS | Samsung Internet | |
repeat |
57 | 16 | 7657–76repeat(auto-fill, ...) and repeat(auto-fit, ...) only support one repeated column (see bug 1341507). |
No | 44 | 10.1 | 57 | 57 | 7957–79repeat(auto-fill, ...) and repeat(auto-fit, ...) only support one repeated column (see bug 1341507). |
43 | 10.3 | 6.0 |
grid-template
, grid-template-rows
, grid-template-columns
, grid-template-areas
, grid-auto-columns
, grid-auto-rows
, grid-auto-flow
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https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/repeat